Selected References

De Boer, S.H. 2002. Relative incidence of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica in stolon end and peridermal tissue of potato tubers in Canada. Plant Dis. 86:960-964.

Elphinstone, J.G. and M.C.M. Perombelon. 1986. Contamination of potatoes by Erwinia carotovora during grading. Plant Pathol. 35:25-33.

Gardan, L., C. Gouy, R. Christen, and R. Samson. 2003. Elevation of three subspecies of Pectobacterium carotovorum to species level: Pectobacterium atrosepticum sp. nov., Pectobacterium betavasculorum sp. nov. and Pectobacterium wasabiae sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 53:381-391.

Helias, V., D. Andrivon and B. Jouan. 2000. Development of symptoms caused by Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica under field conditions and their effects on the yield of individual potato plants. Plant Pathol. 49:23-32.

Logan, C. 1964. Bacterial hard rot of potato. Eur. Potato J. 7:45-56.

Perombelon, M.C.M. 1992. Potato blackleg: epidemiology, host-pathogen interaction and control. Neth. J. Plant Pathol. 98:135-146.

Perombelon, M.C.M. 2000. Blackleg risk potential of seed potatoes determined by quantification of tuber contamination by the causal agent of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica: A critical review. EPPO Bull. 30:413-420.

Perombelon, M.C.M. and A. Kelman. 1980. Ecology of the soft rot erwinias. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 18:361-387.

Permobelon, M.C.M. and J.M. van der Wolf. 1998. Methods for the detection and quantification of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica on potatoes: A laboratory manual. Scottish Crop Research Institute Occasional Publication No. 10. 76 pp.

Toth, I.K., L. Sullivan, J.L. Brierley, A.O. Avrova, L.J. Hyman, M. Holeva, L. Broadfoot, M.C.M. Perombelon and J. McNicol. 2003. Relationship between potato seed tuber contamination by Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica, blackleg disease development and progeny tuber contamination. Plant Pathol. 52:119-126.