Fig. 4. (A-D) Biological control of Hamakua ‘Pa-makani,’ Ageratina riparia, with Entyloma compositarum, the white smut fungus introduced from Jamaica in 1974. (A) Nonseptate, hyaline, slender, arcuate conidia (30-40 × 3-3.5 μm) of E. compositarum. Scale bar = 12 μm. (B) Abaxial surface of a diseased ‘Pa-makani’ leaf showing the characteristic white sporodochia, containing masses of spores of E. compositarum. (C) Infestation of A. riparia at 900 m elevation at Palani ranch, North Kona, Hawaii, before inoculations in December 1975. (D) Striking biological control of the ‘Pa-makani’ weed at Palani ranch, a site at 900 m elevation, 8 years after inoculation with the biocontrol fungus.

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