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Sue Cohen
Dr. Cohen is a plant pathologist with the Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department
of Agriculture. Currently, she is a visiting assistant professor
in the Plant Pathology Department, University of Minnesota,
St. Paul and chair of the APHIS Science Panel on Sudden
Oak Death. She is a specialist in risk assessment and geo-spatial
analysis methods for issues related to exotic forest pathogens.
E-mail: susan.d.cohen@aphis.usda.gov; website:
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppd/ras.htm
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Borys M. Tkacz
is National Program Manager for Forest Health Monitoring
with the Forest Health Protection staff in the National
Headquarters of the USDA Forest Service in Washington, DC.
He was the National Program Leader for Forest Pathology
from 1999 through 2001. Prior to that he served as a Zone
Leader for Forest Health in Flagstaff, Arizona for ten years
and Forest Pathologist with the USDA Forest Service in Ogden,
Utah for seven years.
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Paul Tooley
Dr. Tooley is a Research Plant Pathologist with the
USDA, Foreign Disease-Weed Science Research Unit at Ft.
Detrick, MD. For the past 18 years he has performed studies
on the epidemiology, genetics, and detection of fungal plant
diseases of potential threat to U.S. agriculture, utilizing
specialized containment facilities. Throughout his career,
he has worked with a number of Phytophthora diseases,
particularly P. infestans, studying population biology,
molecular genetics, and pathogen detection. E-mail: tooley@ncifcrf.gov
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Steven N. Jeffers
Steven N. Jeffers is an Associate Professor and Extension
Specialist in the Department of Plant Pathology & Physiology
at Clemson University in Clemson, SC. He has statewide responsibilities
for diseases of ornamental crops in nurseries and greenhouses.
Currently, his research focuses on Phytophthora diseases-including
biology and ecology of Phytophthora spp., pathogen
detection, identifying sources of inoculum, and integrated
disease management. He has worked with Phytophthora
spp. for approximately 25 years and maintains a collection
of 1000+ isolates. E-mail: sjffrs@clemson.edu; website: http://ppweb.clemson.edu/faculty/Jeffers.htm
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Susan Jean Frankel
is a plant pathologist for the USDA Forest Service,
Pacific Southwest Region, State and Private Forestry.
For over 15 years she has worked on forest diseases in the
urban/wildland interface, forest nursery pathogens and forest
root diseases. She helped create the California Oak
Mortality Task Force to address Sudden Oak Death for the
state of California and served as its chairperson for the
COMTF’s first year. She is currently a Board member of the
COMTF and is working in close collaboration with State and
local organizations to address Sudden Oak Death for the
state and on USDA Forest Service lands.
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Lesley Cree
Ms. Cree has been a plant pathologist for 12 years
with the Plant Health Risk Assessment Unit of the Canadian
Food Inspection Agency with most of her efforts focused
on forestry- or horticulture-related issues. Her responsibilities
include writing pest risk assessments for individual pests
or for commodities with which a number of pests may be associated,
providing technical information on pests in Canada or abroad
in support of import and export of plants and plant products,
and advising Plant Health and Production Division officers
on technical aspects related to plant quarantine. E-mail:
creel@nspection.gc.ca; website:
www.inspection.gc.ca
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Discussion Moderators
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Charles G. "Terry" Shaw
is the National Program Leader for pathology research
in the USDA Forest Service. Terry has worked cooperatively
with APHIS on USDA Forest Service issues related to the emergency
SOD quarantine regulations and with ARS and various universities
on joint SOD Research needs. His past research has included
extensive work on Armillaria root disease (including
USDA Handbook # 691), decline of Alaska yellow cedar, dwarf
mistletoes in the west, and the use of science in policy
development and decision making for management of natural
resources on federal lands.
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Jennifer Juzwik
is Project Leader and a research plant pathologist
with the Forest Diseases Unit of the North Central Research
Station, USDA Forest Service, in St. Paul, MN, USA. Her
research focuses on management of oak wilt, oak decline,
and soilborne nursery diseases in the Upper Midwest USA.
She serves as the Sudden Oak Death Coordinator for the North
Central Research Station.
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Gerard van Leeuwen
Dr. Van Leeuwen has worked intensively on the brown
rot disease of fruit crops (Monilinia spp.). As expert
in this field, on taxonomy as well as epidemiology, he received
his PhD-degree in October 2000 at Wageningen Agricultural
University, The Netherlands. After this, he served for two
years as a research coordinator within The Board of Horticulture
in The Netherlands. Recently he joined the Dutch Plant Protection
Service as senior scientist in the Department of Diagnostics
with specialisation in mycology. Responsibilities include
implementation of pest risk assessment guidelines and the
coordination of scientific research on phytosanitary aspects
in The Netherlands.
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Contributing Authors
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Eric Allen
As the head of the Forest Health and Biodiversity group
at the Pacific Forestry Centre, Dr. Allen is involved in
a variety of forest health-related issues including forest
health assessment and the effect of spruce bark beetle Yukon
forests. For the past 6 years he has worked extensively
on non-indigenous species that impact forest ecosystems;
their biologies, their movement with international trade,
and the assessment of mitigation measures. His current work
on exotic species includes:
• Analysis
of heat treatments required to kill fungi in wood in support
of the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)
Standard for regulating global movement of wood packing
material.
• Determining the survival of insects
in logs chipped for plant quarantine security.
• Assessment of non-indigenous insect and fungal organisms
that threaten Canadian forest ecosystems.
Dr. Allen
is the chair of the British Columbia Plant Protection Advisory
Council and is a member of the North American Plant Protection
Organization forestry panel and North American Forestry
Commission, Insect and Disease Work Group. E-mail: eallen@pfc.forestry.ca
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Mike Benson
is a professor and plant pathologist at North Carolina
State University, looks for new ways to control plant diseases
in greenhouse and nursery crops by understanding the epidemiology
and ecology of root rot pathogens that attack these crops.
Traditional approaches have included the development of
cultural practices, selection of resistant cultivars, and
fungicides for disease control. A novel approach has been
the discovery, characterization, and formulation of biological
control agents for root disease control. E-mail: mike_benson@ncsu.edu; website:
http://www.cals.ncsu.edu/plantpath/Personnel/
Faculty/benson.html
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Cheryl Blomquist
Dr Blomquist is a plant pathologist (diagnostican)
for the California Department of Food and Agriculture's
Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch. Her primary responsibility
is the diagnosis of Phytophthora ramorum in the
12 county area of infestation. Her areas of interest include
molecular and traditional diagnosis of fungal and bacterial
pathogens of woody plants.
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Sharon L. von Broembsen
Dr. von Broembsen has worked with diseases caused by
Phytophthora spp. of agricultural, forest, and native
plants in South Africa and the USA. Her research has focused
on the survival and spread of Phytophthora spp. in irrigation
water and native ecosystems. E-mail: svonbro@okstate.edu; website:
http://entoplp.okstate.edu/profiles/broembse.html
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Clive Brasier
is Emeritus Mycologist at Forest Research, an agency
of the UK Forestry Commission. He has been chair of the
IUFRO Working Group on vascular wilts and is currently the
co-chair of the IUFRO Working Group on Phytophthora
species. He is interested in the population biology, taxonomy,
and international spread of Dutch elm disease and Phytophthora
pathogens; in the biocontrol of forest pathogens with fungal
viruses; in rapid pathogen evolution; and in risks posed
by plant health and international trade protocols.
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Brenda Callan
Dr. Callan has been a mycologist with the Canadian
Forest Service at the Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria,
BC, for 13 years. She provides disease diagnosis and fungal
identification services for Canadian Forest Service personnel
and clients, and conducts taxonomic and diagnostic research
on forest disease fungi. Her current research focuses on
fungal biodiversity and diseases of poplars in the Pacific
Region. Dr. Callan is also curator of Western Canada's largest
forest pathology herbarium, housed at the Pacific Forestry
Centre. E-mail: bcallan@pfc.forestry.ca; website:
http://www.pfc.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/biodiversity
/herbarium/index_e.html
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Stacy Carlsen has been working in local government
for the past 23 years, serving as an agricultural commissioner
for the past 14 years. He earned a B.A. in Biology, and
M.P.A. in Public Administration; both from California State
University, Stanislaus. Stacy administers agricultural and
weights and measures programs for the Marin County Department
of Agriculture. Primary functions for the department include
pesticide use enforcement, pest exclusion, insect and disease
pest management, fruit /vegetable, and organic food regulation.
The regulation and enforcement of the Federal Sudden Oak
Death quarantine falls under the agriculture department
responsibilities. Stacy is a board member of the California
Oak Mortality Task Force (COMTF), and serves on many local
committees involved in greenwaste, compost and biomass management
programs.
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Jenny Davidson
Dr. Davidson is a Research Plant Pathologist with the
Pacific Southwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service.
Her research focuses on the transmission biology of Phytophthora
ramorum. Prior to working on P. ramorum, she
studied the impact of Phytophthora heveae, a pathogen
of tropical tree seedlings, on tropical rainforest structure
and diversity in Panama.
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Enrique Descals supervises Moralejo's research. He is a fungal taxonomist (higher fungi) working as staff researcher at the Inst. Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados (Consejo Superior de Investig. Científicas/Univ. Illes Balears) since 1990. His background is agronomy (B.Sc., Cal Poly, Calif.), Plant Pathology (M.Sc. Davis, Univ. Calif.) and aquatic mycology (Ph.D. and postdocs at Univ. Exeter (UK) from 1973-1984.
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Larry Englander
received his B.S., in 1964 from Pennsylvania State
University; an M.S., in 1967 from Cornell University, and
a Ph.D. in1973 from Oregon State University working with
Phytophthora lateralis on Chamaecyparis lawsoniana.
He has been a Plant Pathologist with the University of Rhode
Island since 1973. His teaching responsibilities include
courses in Plant Protection, Plant Pathology, and Field
Diagnosis. His research involves diseases of ornamental
plants with emphasis on Phytophthora diseases.
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Matteo Garbelotto
is a Forest Pathology and Mycology Extension Specialist
and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Environmental
Science, Policy, and Management, Ecosystem Sciences Division,
at UC Berkeley. His major area of research is the study
of microorganisms, and in particular fungi, in forest systems.
He is working to elucidate the effects of ecological modifications,
whether man-made or natural, in the ecology and evolution
of various fungi. Ongoing research in Dr. Garbelotto's lab
seeks to determine the biological and ecological characteristics
of important introduced pathogens in California and the
impact of such introduced organisms on different or differently
managed forests. Dr. Garbelotto, who has published widely,
received his Ph.D. from UC Berkeley in 1996.
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Ellen Michaels Goheen
Ellen Goheen is a plant pathologist for the USDA Forest Service, Forest
Health Protection staff, located in Central Point, Oregon.
Ellen provides technical assistance to forest resource managers
on issues related to forest tree diseases. She has been
an active member of the Oregon SOD Working Group and has
participated in several meetings of the California Oak Mortality
Task Force. Ellen as designed and conducted surveys to detect
P.ramorum in Oregon forests since 2000. E-mail:
egoheen@fs.fed.us; website:
http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/rogue/swofidsc
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Everett Hansen
is professor in the Department of Botany and Plant
Pathology at Oregon State University where he teaches, directs
graduate students, and conducts research in forest pathology.
Particular interests include native and exotic Phytophthora
species in forests and the biology, ecology, and management
of root decay fungi.
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Jonathan Jones
is in his 24th year with USDA's Plant Protection and
Quarantine. He has worked with PPQ as an inspector, a Regional
Botanist, a Training Specialist, and the past 13 years as
a Staff Officer at APHIS Headquarters. He is currently a
member of the Surveillance and Emergency Program Planning
staff. On staff he manages PPQ's Phytophthora ramorum
domestic regulatory program in California and Oregon. E-mail:
jonathan.m.jones@aphis.usda.gov; website:
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ispm/sod/
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Tom Kubisiak
has been a research geneticist with the USDA Forest
Service's Southern Institute of Forest Genetics in Saucier,
Mississippi since 1994. His main interests include plant
genome structure and organization with special attention
to linkage analyses; molecular marker linkage to quantitative
traits and marker assisted improvement; population level
partitioning of genetic variation; and genetics of incipient
and co-evolved host:pest pathosystems. Specific interests
include applying molecular marker technology as a means
for better understanding the genetics of host-pathogen systems.
Under the context of coevolved host-pathogen systems, interests
include the genetic interaction between the southern pines
and fusiform rust caused by Cronartium quercuum
f. sp. fusiforme. Under the context of incipient
host pathogen systems, interests include resistance in American
chestnut (Castanea dentata) x Chinese chestnut (C.
mollissima) hybrids and their progeny to chestnut blight
caused by Cryphonectria parasitica.
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Dr. Robert G. Linderman is a Research Plant Pathologist and former Research Leader at the USDA ARS Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, and Courtesy Professor in the Department of Botany and Plant Pathology at Oregon State University. He has conducted research on diseases of ornamental and nursery crops for 35 years, emphasizing the epidemiology and control of soilborne fungal plant pathogens, and the biology and application of beneficial microorganisms, especially mycorrhizal fungi and antagonistic rhizobacteria. He has studied root diseases of nursery and greenhouse crops, such as Phytophthora root rots. Current research is to develop the technology to apply beneficial microbes, especially mycorrhizal fungi and associated rhizobacteria to biologically control root diseases on nursery and other horticultural crops. He has recently begun research on the potential of the Sudden Oak Death pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, to infect nursery crops in comparison to other species of Phytophthora known to cause similar diseases. Email:lindermr@science.oregonstate.edu
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Eduardo Moralejo
is a predoctoral researcher in the Mycology department
at the Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies, IMEDEA
(CSIC-UIB), Majorca, Spain. His current research is on Pythium
and Phytophthora taxonomy and pathology on ornamental
plants and in agrosystems. His recent discovery of Phytophthora
ramorum on Rhododendron in Majorca has resulted in his
research focus on evaluating the risk of spread of Phytophthora
ramorum to natural ecosystems in the Mediterranean basin.
He is investigating the susceptibility of the Mediterranean
flora, as well as some morphological and physiological traits
relevant to P. ramorum epidemiology.
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Craig Regelbrugge
is the American Nursery & Landscape Association's
Senior Director of Government Relations. In that capacity,
he oversees ANLA's entire government relations program and
relationships with national, regional, and state green industry
groups. Craig serves in a leadership capacity on several
national committees and coalitions dealing with diverse
issues such as plant trade, invasive species, and quarantines.
Those include an appointment to the federal Invasive Species
Advisory Committee, and chairmanship of the North American
Plant Protection Organization's U.S. Industry Advisory Group.
Before working with ANLA, Craig was an Agricultural Extension
Agent for Fairfax County, Virginia, Virginia Polytechnic
Institute and State University. He received a Bachelor of
Science in Horticulture (Cum Laude) from Virginia Polytechnic
Institute & State University, in Blacksburg, Virginia,
in 1986.
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Dave Rizzo
is an associate professor in the Department of Plant
Pathology at the University of California, Davis where he
conducts research in forest pathology and mycology. Current
research focuses on sudden oak death, oak mycorrhizae and
the ecology of forest pathogens in mixed-conifer forests
of the Sierra Nevada.
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Thomas Schröeder
is a forest pathologist at the Department for National
and International Plant Health of the Federal Biological
Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry in Braunschweig,
Germany. He has been working on forest tree diseases with
the focus on seed borne fungi. His current research work
is related to quarantine organisms associated with woody
plants and wooden material for example wood packaging.
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Shane Sela
Educated at the University of British Columbia, Mr.
Sela has worked with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency
since 1987. He is currently the Western Forestry Specialist,
Plant Health and Production Division. As a member of a team
of forest specialists, he works on the design and redesign
of standards related to control of the spread of the North
American and Asian gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
and Sudden Oak Death (Phytophthora ramorum). He is
involved in the development of Canada's import policy on
wood packaging, and phytosanitary export strategies related
to the Pacific Rim (Australia, New Zealand, Korea). Mr.
Sela is the chair of the forestry panel of the North American
Plant Protection Organization and a member of the North
American Forestry Commission, Insect and Disease Work Group..
E-mail: selas@inspection.gc.ca; website:
www.inspection.gc.ca
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Sabine Werres
is a pathologist at the Institute for Plant Protection
in Horticulture at the Federal Biological Research Centre
for Agriculture and Forestry at Braunschweig, Germany. She
works on diseases and disorders in nurseries and on trees
and shrubs in urban horticulture to give scientific advice
to the government, the plant protection services and nurseries
etc. in these fields. In recent years her research has focused
on detection methods, epidemiology, control, and taxonomy
of Phytophthora.
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Gretna Weste
, Dr. Weste is Associate Professor in Botany at the
University of Melbourne, Australia. She has conducted more
than 30 years of research on Phytophthora cinnamomi with
particular reference to native flora and the consequent
risk to rare or endangered species. Dr. Weste has authored
many scientific publications and taught both graduates and
undergraduates. She was awarded the Order of Australia for
services to botany, and is Patron of the Australasian Mycological
Society Inc., and Honorary Member of the Australasian Plant
Pathology Society Inc., former chairman of the I.U.F.R.O
Phytophthora group and the organizing chairman of the 4th
International Conference of Plant Pathology. E-mail: Gweste@botany.unimelb.edu.au
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