VIEW ARTICLE

Techniques

Effects of Rhizobacteria on Root-Knot Nematodes and Gall Formation. J. O. Becker, Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside 92521; E. Zavaleta-Mejia(2), S. F. Colbert(3), M. N. Schroth(4), A. R. Weinhold(5), J. G. Hancock(6), and S. D. Van Gundy(7). (2)(7)Department of Nematology, University of California, Riverside 92521; (3)(4)(5)(6)Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Berkeley 94720. Phytopathology 78:1466-1469. Accepted for publication 20 May 1988. Copyright 1988 The American Phytopathological Society. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-78-1466.

Three hundred and fifty-four randomly selected bacteria from plant rhizospheres, when tested for activity against Meloidogyne incognita, caused a wide range of effects from a reduction to an increase of root galling on tomato and cucumber in greenhouse tests. Results were highly variable, even with strains that previously had given significant differences. A bioassay, based on selecting bacterial strains that produced nematicidal compounds in vitro, proved to be a better and more rapid means of identifying promising nematode antagonists. About 1% of more than 5,000 bacteria isolated from rhizospheres of different plants produced detectable compounds that affected the vitality of second-stage juveniles of M. incognita in an in vitro test. Twenty percent of these subsequently reduced the number of galls on cucumber in a soil-free pouch system when applied as a seed treatment. Selected strains were applied as a drench to nonsterile soil infested with M. incognita. White clover plants growing in bacteria-treated soil had fewer galls and larger root systems. Both plant top and root weights were significantly greater compared with the nontreated control.