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Resistance

Effect of Temperature on Stability of Components of Resistance to Cercospora arachidicola in Peanut. F. Waliyar, visiting professor, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, and principal scientist (pathology), ICRISAT Sahelian Center, BP 12404, Niamey, Niger (ICRISAT Journal Article No. 1532); B. B. Shew(2), H. T. Stalker(3), T. G. Isleib(4), R. Sidahmed(5), and M. K. Beute(6). (2)(3)(4)research associate, professor, and associate professor, respectively, Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University; (5)National Peanut Foundation undergraduate intern, North Carolina State University; (6)professor, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7616. Phytopathology 84:1037-1043. Accepted for publication 27 June 1994. Copyright 1994 The American Phytopathological Society. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-84-1037.

Expression of resistance to early leaf spot disease of peanut, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, varies across diverse geographic locations. Environment is known to influence expression of partial resistance in some pathosystems and could affect stability of resistance to early leaf spot. Multiple components of resistance were studied at controlled temperatures on seven peanut genotypes selected at North Carolina State University and on six genotypes selected at ICRISAT in West Africa. The genotypes were inoculated with a North Carolina field isolate of C. arachidicola and incubated under day/night temperature regimes of 24/24, 26/20, 32/26, 38/26, and 38/32 C (the high-temperature regimes simulate the conditions in Niger, West Africa, and the cooler regimes simulate the conditions in North Carolina). Numbers of lesions were inversely related to temperature. Days after inoculation significantly influenced numbers of lesions and infection frequency. Regression of lesion numbers or infection frequencies on time and temperature accounted for 90% or more of experimental variation for 12 of 13 genotypes. Values for most resistance components examined (number of lesions, infection frequency, incubation period, lesion diameter, and necrotic area diameter) were dependent on both temperature and genotype. Several peanut genotypes were identified that expressed stable levels of resistance to C. arachidicola across temperature regimes. The North Carolina line 91 PA 150, derived from the wild diploid species Arachis cardenasii, consistently was ranked as resistant for all components in all temperature regimes. Other genotypes that ranked high in partial resistance to C. arachidicola included NC Ac 17894, PI 274194, NC Ac 18045, and 91 PA 131. Another group of genotypes, including GP-NC 343, NC 6, and N92069L, were moderately resistant. PI 476033 and NC 7 were highly susceptible at all temperatures, and N92064L varied in ranking for components.