$100 Both Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Sclerotium rolfsii survive as these structures.

SCLEROTIA (good for a laugh)

$200 These host-specific nematodes die and form a container for their eggs.

CYST/HETERODERA

$300 Fusarium, Phytophthora and Thielaviopsis produce these asexual survival structures.

CHLAMYDOSPORES

$400 Called “exogenous dormancy” this phenomenon keeps spores from germinating too soon.

FUNGISTASIS

$500 A vase-shaped (flask-shaped) fruiting body containing bitunicate asci.

PSEUDOTHECIUM

$500 The seeds of this plant parasite wait for a signal from host root exudates before germinating.

WITCHWEED/STRIGA

$100 Phytoplasma disease of cherries and peaches.

X-DISEASE

$200 Diseased tissue consumer in Mexico.

CORN SMUT

$300 Fungi with a naked ascus.

TAPHRINA

$400 Fungus that causes pinkster galls on azaleas and other ericaceous plants.

EXOBASIDIUM

$500 What do mating types A1 and A2 do then they find their thrill on Green Mountain potatoes.

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION/ MAKE OOSPORES

WOW, WORMS (choose 5)

$100 Nematodes in which the female becomes a protective container for eggs.

CYST

$100 Feeding structure of plant-parasitic nematodes.

STYLET

$200 Genus of root-knot nematodes.

MELOIDOGYNE

$300 A nematode disease of coconut palm vectored by palm weevils.

RED RING

$400 An imported pathogen, this nematode is causing serious forest destruction in Japan.

PINE WOOD/ Bursaphalenchus xylophilis

$500 A nematode genus that includes virus vectors.

several correct answers

TOTALLY TREES (choose 5)

$100 Hosts of white pine blister rust.

PINE/GOOSEBERRIES AND CURRANTS

$200 Root disease - signs are rhizomorphs, mycelial fans and mushrooms.

ARMILLARIA

$300 Potential biocontrol for chestnut blight.

HYPOVIRULENT STRAINS

$300 A disease of the vascular cambium.

CANKER

$400 Overgrowth of the propoplast of a parenchyma cell into an adjacent xylem vessel of tracheid.

TYLOSE

$500 Genus of dwarf mistletoe.

ARCEUTHOBIUM

THOSE CRAZY RUSTS (choose 5)

$100 Spores known as the “repeating stage”.

UREDINIOSOPRES

$200 Overwintering spores.

TELIOSPORES

$300 A term for a rust fungus that requires only one host to complete its life cycle.

AUTOECIOUS

$300 The area traveled each year from Mexico to Canada by cereal urediniospores.

THE PUCCINIA PATHWAY

$400 Rust fungi that require two host species.

HETEROECIOUS

$500 The alternate host of coffee rust.

UNKNOWN

$500 Why insects are attracted to plants recently infected by rust basidiospores.

HONEYDEW IN SPERMOGONIA/PYCNIA

TOXICS AND TASTIES (choose 5)

$100 This blue-green fungus is cultivated for a cheese commonly used in salad dressing.

PENICILLIUM ROQUEFORTII

$200 The source of xanthan gums used in many food preparations.

XANTHOMONAS BACTERIA

$200 Called the “maize mushroom” by gourmets, this fungus is highly prized in Mexico.

CORN SMUT/ USTILAGO MAYDIS

$300 Producer of aflatoxin, this fungus is a common storage pathogen of corn and peanuts.

ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS

$300 Premium wines can be made if this fungus infects grapes under the right conditions.

BOTRYTIS

$400 Many people died of St. Anthony’s fire in the middle ages after eating the sclerotia of this fungus.

CLAVICEPS PURPUREA

$500 This fungus causes edible galls to form on rhododendrons and other ericaceous plants.

EXOBASIDIUM

WORDS THAT START WITH A “P” (choose 5)

$100 Meaning “plant destroyer” this Oomycete genus includes many devastating pathogens.

PHYTOPHTHORA

$200 Vase-shaped asexual fruiting body.

PYCNIDIUM

$300 A common rust genus including pathogens of wheat, hollyhock and asparagus.

PUCCINIA

$300 Vase-shaped sexual fruiting body.

PERITHECIUM/PSEUDOTHECIUM

$300 Defense compounds produced by plants.

PHYTOALEXINS

$400 Cytoplasmic strands between cells through which viruses may move from cell to cell.

PLASMODESMATA

$400 Having hairs or flagella over the surface of a bacterium.

PERITRICHOUS

$500 Lesion nematodes.

PRATYLENCHUS

FAMOUS PLANT PATHOLOGISTS (choose 5)

$100 He first proved convincingly that fungi cause plant diseases.

ANTON DEBARY

$200 He gave us the rules that prove an organism causes a disease.

ROBERT KOCH (not a plant pathologist)

$300 His work led to the gene-for-gene theory.

H.H. FLOR

$400 Father of U.S. nematology, from Spencer MA

NATHAN COBB

$400 He tried to save the coffee from rust in Ceylon.

H. MARSHALL WARD

$400 His common last name resulted in an important bacterial genus named for his first name.

ERWIN F. SMITH

$500 South African plant pathologist described epidemics in terms of simple interest and compound interest diseases.

VANDERPLANK

$100 A sign (not a symptom) of bacterial infection in plants.

OOZE

$200 This bacterium is a plant pathogens and a natural genetic engineer.

AGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS

$300 A gram-positive genus of plant-pathogenic bacteria.

several correct answers

$400 A general term for a prokaryote with no cell wall.

MOLLICUTE

$500 Pathogens that cause water stress symptoms and are difficult to culture.

XYLEM-LIMITED FASTIDIOUS BACTERIA

During the Holy Fire epidemics of the Middle Ages, this Saint received many prayers.

ST. ANTHONY

He figured out the heteroecious life cycle of rusts.

ANTON DEBARY

A romantic plant parasite.

MISTLETOE

What do the letters hrp of hrp genes stand for?

HYPERSENSITIVE RESPONSE AND PATHOGENICITY

What do the letters RAPD stand for?

RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA

Updated: July 7, 2001