T. D. Murray, W. W. Bockus, R. L. Bowden, R. M. Hunger, and R. W. Smiley, collators (last update: 10/22/15)
BACTERIAL DISEASES
- Bacterial leaf blight
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall
- Bacterial mosaic
- Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius (Carlson & Vidaver) Davis et al.
- Bacterial sheath rot
- Pseudomonas fuscovaginae (ex Tanii et al.) Miyajima et al.
- Bacterial streak and black chaff
- Xanthomonas translucens pv. undulosa (Smith et al.) Vauterin et al.
- Basal glume rot
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofaciens (McCulloch) Young et al.
- Gumming
- Rathayibacter iranicus (Carlson & Vidaver ex Scharif) Zgurskaya et al.
- Pink seed
- Erwinia rhapontici (Millard) Burkholder emend. Hauben et al.
- Spike blight
- Rathayibacter tritici (Carlson & Vidaver ex Hutchinson) Zgurskaya et al.
- Stem melanosis
- Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp
FUNGAL AND FUNGAL-LIKE ORGANISM DISEASES
- Alternaria leaf blight
- Alternaria triticina Prasada & Prabhu
- Anthracnose
- Colletotrichum cereale Manns
- Ascochyta leaf spot
- Ascochyta avenae var. avenae (Petr.) R. Sprague & Aar.G. Johnson
(syns. Ascochytella avenae Petr.; Ascochyta avenae (Petr.) R. Sprague &
Aar.G. Johnson; Pseudodiplodia avenae (Petr.) Petr.)
- Ascochyta graminea var. graminea (Sacc.) R. Sprague & Aar.G. Johnson
(syns. Ascochyta graminea (Sacc.) R. Sprague & Aar.G. Johnson;
Diplodia graminea Sacc.; Diplodina graminea (Sacc.) Sacc.)
- Ascochyta hordei var. hordei Hara
(syns. Ascochyta hordei Hara; Ascochyta hordei f. hordei Hara)
- Ascochyta sorghi Sacc.
(syn. Ascochyta sorghina Sacc.)
- Ascochyta tritici Hori & Enjoji
- Didymella exitialis (Morini) E. Müll.
(syns. Didymella autumnalis Petr.; Mycosphaerella exitialis (Morini)
Lind; Sphaerella exitialis Morini)
- Aureobasidium decay
- Microdochium bolleyi (R. Sprague) de Hoog & Herm.-Nijh.
(syns. Aureobasidium bolleyi (R. Sprague) Arx; Gloeosporium bolleyi
R. Sprague; Idriella bolleyi (R. Sprague) Arx)
- Black head molds (Sooty molds)a
- Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.
(syns. Alternaria erumpens (Cooke) P. Joly; Alternaria tenuis Nees;
Macrosporium erumpens; Macrosporium meliloti Peck; Macrosporium
polytrichi Peck; Macrosporium seguierii Allesch.; Torula alternata Fr.)
- Alternaria triticina Prasada & Prabhu
- Cladosporium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link
(syns. Acladium herbarum (Pers.:Fr.) Link; Byssus herbarum (Pers.:Fr.)
DC.; Cladosporium caricicola Corda; Cladosporium epiphyllum (Pers.:Fr.) Fr.;
Cladosporium graminum (Pers.:Fr.) Link; Davidiella tassiana (De Not.) Crous & U.
Braun); Dematium herbarum Pers.:Fr.; Didymotrichum caricicola (Corda) Bonord.;
Helminthosporium flexuosum Corda; Mycosphaerella tassiana (De Not.) Johans.;
Sphaerella tassiana De Not.
- Cladosporium macrocarpum Preuss
(syns. Cladosporium algarum Cooke & Massee; Cladosporium herbarum
var. macrocarpum (Preuss) M. H. M. Ho & Dugan; Cladosporium vincae
Fairm.; Davidiella macrocarpa Crous, K. Schub., & U. Braun; Fusicladium
destruens Peck; Heterosporium algarum (Cooke & Massee) Cooke & Massee;
Heterosporium amsoniae Kabát & Bubák; Heterosporium calandriniae Massee;
Heterosporium chamaeropis Oudem.; Heterosporium hordei Bubák; Heterosporium
hybridum Ellis & Everh.; Heterosporium laricinum Dearn.; Heterosporium maculatum
Klotzsch ex Cooke; Heterosporium minutulum Cooke & Massee; Heterosporium
oxybaphi F. Patt.; Heterosporium petuniae R. Sprague; Heterosporium proteus
Starbäck; Heterosporium sphaeriiforme Ellis & Everh.; Heterosporium thapsiae
Petr.; Heterosporium tortuosoinflatum Bubák; Heterosporium tuberculans Ellis &
Everh.; Heterosporium typharum Cooke & Massee)
- Epicoccum nigrum Link
(syns. Epicoccum asterinum Pat.; Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb.; Epicoccum
vulgare Corda; Phoma epicoccina Punith., Tulloch, & J. G. Leach)
- Stemphylium botryosum Wallr.
(syns. Macrosporium commune Rabenh.; Pleospora tarda E. G. Simmons))
- Black point (Kernel smudge)
- Alternaria spp.
- Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker
(syns. Bipolaris californica (Mackie & G. E. Paxton) Gornostai; Bipolaris multiformis
(Jooste) Alcorn; Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur;
Drechslera multiformis Jooste; Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram. & B. L.
Jain; Helminthosporium acrothecioides Lindf.; Helminthosporium californicum
Mackie & G. E. Paxton; Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, C. M. King, & Bakke;
Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc.; Ophiobolus sativus S. Ito & Kurib.)
- Cladosporium spp.
- Epicoccum spp.
- Fusarium spp.
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler
(syns. Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoemaker; Drechslera tritici-vulgaris
(Y. Nisik.) S. Ito; Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. tritici-repentis Died.;
Helminthosporium tritici-repentis Died.; Helminthosporium tritici-vulgaris Y. Nisik.;
Pleospora trichostoma f. sp. tritici-repentis Died.; Pleospora tritici-repentis Died.;
Pyrenophora tritici-vulgaris J. G. Dicks.)
- Stemphylium spp.
- Other fungi and physiological causes
- Blast
- Pyricularia oryzae Cavara
(syns. Dactylaria oryzae (Cavara) Sawada; Magnaporthe oryzae B. C. Couch)
- Brown root rot
- Leptosphaeria sclerotioides (Sacc.) Gruyter, Aveskamp, & Verkley
(syns. Phoma sclerotioides Preuss ex Sacc.; Plenodomus meliloti Dearn.
& Sanford; Plenodomus sorghi Morochk.)
- Cephalosporium stripe
- Cephalosporium gramineum Y. Nisik. & Ikata
(syn. Hymenula cerealis Ellis & Everh.)
- Common bunt (Stinking smut)
- Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.
(syns. Lycoperdon tritici Bjerk.; Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) G. Winter; Uredo caries
DC.; Uredo sitophila Ditmar)
- Tilletia laevis J. G. Kühn
(syns. Erysibe foetida Wallr.; Tilletia foetida (Wallr.) Liro; Ustilago foetens Berk.
& M. A. Curtis)
- Common root rot (Seedling blight)
- Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker
(syns. Bipolaris californica (Mackie & G. E. Paxton) Gornostai; Bipolaris multiformis
(Jooste) Alcorn; Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur;
Drechslera multiformis Jooste; Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram. & B. L.
Jain; Helminthosporium acrothecioides Lindf.; Helminthosporium californicum
Mackie & G. E. Paxton; Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, C. M. King, & Bakke;
Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc.; Ophiobolus sativus S. Ito & Kurib.)
- Cottony snow mold
- Coprinopsis psychromorbida (Redhead & Traquair) Redhead, Vilgalys, & Moncalvo
(syn. Coprinus psychromorbidus Redhead & Traquair)
- Damping-off
- Arthrinium sacchari (Speg.) M. B. Ellis
(syn. Coniosporium sacchari Speg.)
- Dilophospora leaf spot (Twist)
- Dilophospora alopecuri (Fr.:Fr.) Fr.
(syns. Dilophospora graminis Desm.; Dilophospora holci Fuckel; Sphaeria
alopecuri Fr.:Fr.)
- Downy mildew (Crazy top)
- Sclerophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Thirum., C. G. Shaw, & Naras.
(syns. Phytophthora macrospora (Sacc.) Ito & I. Tanaka; Phytophthora oryzae
(Brizi) Hara; Sclerospora kriegeriana Magnus; Sclerospora macrospora Sacc.;
Sclerospora oryzae Brizi)
- Dwarf bunt
- Tilletia contraversa J. G. Kühn (variant spelling: Tilletia controversa J. G. Kühn)
(syns. Tilletia aegilopis Golovin; Tilletia brevifaciens G. W. Fisch.; Tilletia
calospora Pass.; Tilletia contraversa var. elymi Zaprom.; Tilletia contraversa var.
prostrata Lavrov; Tilletia elymicola Lavrov; Tilletia pancicii Bubák & Ranoj.; Tilletia
prostrata (Lavrov) Lavrov)
- Ergot
- Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.
(syns. Claviceps litoralis Kawat.; Claviceps microcephala (Wallr.) Tul.; Claviceps
purpurea var. purpurea; Claviceps sesleriae Stäger; Claviceps setulosa (Quél.)
Sacc.; Cordyceps purpurea (Fr.) Fr.; Cordyceps setulosa Quél.; Kentrosporium
microcephalum Wallr.; Spermoedia microcephala (Wallr.) Seaver; Sphacelia
segetum Lév.; Sphaeria purpurea Fr.)
- Eyespot (Foot rot, Strawbreaker)
- Oculimacula acuformis (Boerema, R. Pieters, & Hamers) Crous & W. Gams
(syns. Helgardia acuformis (Nirenberg) Crous & W. Gams; Pseudocercosporella
herpotrichoides var. acuformis Nirenberg; Ramulispora acuformis (Nirenberg)
Crous; Ramulispora herpotrichoides var. acuformis (Nirenberg) Boerema, R.
Pieters, & Hamers; Tapesia acuformis (Boerema, R. Pieters, & Hamers) Crous;
Tapesia yallundae var. acuformis Boerema, R. Pieters, & Hamers)
- Oculimacula yallundae (Wallwork & Spooner) Crous & W. Gams
(syns. Cercosporella herpotrichoides Fron; Helgardia herpotrichoides (Fron)
Crous & W. Gams; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton;
Ramulispora herpotrichoides (Fron) Arx; Ramulispora herpotrichoides var.
herpotrichoides; Tapesia yallundae Wallwork & Spooner; Tapesia yallundae var.
yallundae)
- Flag smut
- Urocystis agropyri (G. Preuss) A. A. Fisch Waldh.
(syns. Polycystis agropyri (Preuss) J. Schröt.; Tuburcinia agropyri (Preuss) Liro;
Tuburcinia elymi Cif.; Uredo agropyri Preuss; Urocystis elymi (Cif.) Schwarzman;
Urocystis preussii J. G. Kühn)
- Urocystis tritici Körn.
(syns. Tuburcinia hispanica Syd.; Tuburcinia tritici (Körn.) Liro; Urocystis hispanica
(Syd.) Zundel)
- Fusarium head blight (Scab)
- Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everh.
(syns. Fusarium gibbosum var. acuminatum (Ellis & Everh.) Bilaĭ; Fusarium scirpi
subsp. acuminatum (Ellis & Everh.) Raillo; Fusarium scirpi var. acuminatum
(Ellis & Everh.) Wollenw.; Gibberella acuminata Wollenw.; Microcera acuminata
(Ellis & Everh.) Höhn)
- Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.
(syns. Fusarium herbarum var. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Wollenw.; Fusisporium
avenaceum Fr.:Fr.; Gibberella avenacea R. J. Cook)
- Fusarium cerealis (Cooke) Sacc.
(syns. Fusarium crookwellense Burgess, Nelson, & Toussoun; Fusarium culmorum
var. cereale (Cooke) Wollenw.; Fusarium sambucinum var. cereale (Cooke) Raillo;
Fusisporium cerealis Cooke)
- Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc.
(syns. Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm.; Fusarium culmorum var. leteius)
- Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc.
(syns. Fusarium bullatum Sherb.; Fusarium equiseti var. bullatum
(Wollenw.) Wollenw.; Fusarium longipes Wollenw. & Reinking; Gibberella intricans
Wollenw.; Selenosporium equiseti Corda)
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu lato
(syn. Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch)
Note: Fusarium graminearum Schwabe has been divided into at least 15
morphologically similar phylogenetic species. The name "Fusarium graminearum
Schwabe" now has the original broad sense (sensu lato) and a new narrow sense
(sensu stricto). The term "Fusarium graminearum species complex" can also be
used to indicate the broad sense. Authors should make clear whether they are
using sensu lato or sensu stricto. The members of the Fusarium graminearum
species complex are as follows:
Fusarium acaciae-mearnsii O'Donnell, T. Aoki, Kistler, & Geiser
Fusarium aethiopicum O'Donnell, Aberra, Kistler, & T. Aoki
Fusarium asiaticum O'Donnell, T. Aoki, Kistler, & Geiser
Fusarium austroamericanum T. Aoki, Kistler, Geiser, & O'Donnell
Fusarium boothii O'Donnell, T. Aoki, Kistler ,& Geiser
Fusarium brasilicum T. Aoki, Kistler, Geiser, & O'Donnell
Fusarium cortaderiae O'Donnell, T. Aoki, Kistler, & Geiser
Fusarium gerlachii T. Aoki, Starkey, L. R. Gale, Kistler, & O'Donnell
Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu stricto
Fusarium louisianense Gale, Kistler, O'Donnell, & T. Aoki
Fusarium meridionale T. Aoki, Kistler, Geiser, & O'Donnell
Fusarium mesoamericanum T. Aoki, Kistler, Geiser, & O'Donnell
Fusarium nepalense T. Aoki, Carter, Nicholson, Kistler, & O'Donnell
Fusarium ussurianum T. Aoki, Gagkaeva, Yli-Mattila, Kistler, & O'Donnell
Fusarium vorosii B. Tòth, Varga, Starkey, O'Donnell, H. Suga, & T. Aoki
- Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw.
(syns. Fusarium tricinctum f. sp. poae (Peck) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen;
Sporotrichum anthophilum Peck; Sporotrichum poae Peck)
- Fusarium pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki
(syns. Fusarium graminearum Group 1; Gibberella coronicola T. Aoki & O'Donnell)
- Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb.
(syns. Fusarium sporotrichiella Bilaĭ; Fusarium sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides
(Sherb.) Bilaĭ)
- Fusarium tricinctum (Corda) Sacc.
(syns. Fusarium citriforme Jamal.; Fusarium sporotrichiella var. tricinctum (Corda)
Bilaĭ; Gibberella tricincta El-Gholl, McRitchie, Schoult., & Ridings; Selenosporium
tricinctum Corda)
- Microdochium nivale (Fr.:Fr.) Samuels & I. C. Hallett
(syns. Calonectria nivalis Schaffnit; Fusarium nivale Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino;
Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer; Gerlachia nivalis (Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino) W.
Gams & E. Müll.; Griphosphaeria nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx; Lanosa nivalis
Fr.; Micronectriella nivalis (Schaffnit) C. Booth; Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit)
E. Müll.)
- Fusarium root, crown, and foot rot (Dryland foot rot, Crown rot, Foot rot, Seedling blight)
- Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everh.
(syns. Fusarium gibbosum var. acuminatum (Ellis & Everh.) Bilaĭ; Fusarium scirpi
subsp. acuminatum (Ellis & Everh.) Raillo; Fusarium scirpi var. acuminatum
(Ellis & Everh.) Wollenw.; Gibberella acuminata Wollenw.; Microcera acuminata
(Ellis & Everh.) Höhn)
- Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc.
(syns. Fusarium herbarum var. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Wollenw.; Fusisporium
avenaceum Fr.:Fr.; Gibberella avenacea R. J. Cook)
- Fusarium cerealis (Cooke) Sacc.
(syns. Fusisporium cerealis Cooke; Fusarium crookwellense Burgess, Nelson, &
Toussoun; Fusarium culmorum var. cereale (Cooke) Wollenw.; Fusarium
sambucinum var. cereale (Cooke) Raillo)
- Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc.
(syns. Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm.; Fusarium culmorum var. leteius)
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe sensu lato
(See Fusarium head blight for more about the F. graminearum species complex.)
- Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenw.
(syns. Fusarium tricinctum f. sp. poae (Peck) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen;
Sporotrichum anthophilum Peck; Sporotrichum poae Peck)
- Fusarium pseudograminearum O'Donnell & T. Aoki
(syns. Fusarium graminearum Group 1; Gibberella coronicola T. Aoki & O'Donnell)
- Halo spot
- Pseudoseptoria donacis (Pass.) B. Sutton
(syns. Selenophoma donacis (Pass.) R. Sprague & Aar. G. Johnson; Septoria
donacis Pass.; Septoria oxyspora Penz. & Sacc.)
- Karnal bunt (Partial bunt)
- Tilletia indica Mitra
(syn. Neovossia indica (Mitra) Mundk.)
- Leaf rust (Brown rust)
- Puccinia triticina Erikss.
(syns. Pleomeris triticina (Erikss.) Syd.; Puccinia dispersa f. sp. tritici Erikss.;
Puccinia perplexans var. triticina (Erikss.) Z. Urb; Puccinia persistens subsp.
triticina (Erikss.) Z. Urb. & J. Marková; Puccinia persistens var. triticina (Erikss.) Z.
Urb. & J. Marková; Puccinia recondita Rob. ex Desm. f. sp. tritici (Erikss.) D. M.
Hend.; Puccinia rubigo-vera (DC.) G. Winter; Puccinia tritici-duri Viennot-Bourgin)
- Leptosphaeria leaf spot
- Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides (De Not.) L. Holm
(syns. Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides De Not.; Leptosphaeria sparsa (Fuckel)
Sacc.; Trematosphaeria herpotrichoides (De Not.) G. Winter)
- Loose smut
- Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.
(syns. Ustilago ehrenbergiana A. A. Fisch. Waldh.; Ustilago hordei Bref.; Ustilago
nuda var. tritici G. W. Fisch. & C. G. Shaw; Ustilago passerinii A. A. Fisch. Waldh.;
Ustilago schumanniana Henn.; Ustilago segetum var. tritici (Pers.) Brunaud;
Ustilago tritici f. folicola Henn.; Ustilago ugamica Golovin; Ustilago vavilovii Jacz.)
- Microscopica leaf spot
- Phaeosphaeria microscopica (P. Karst.) O. E. Erikss.
(syns. Leptosphaeria microscopica P. Karst; Phaeoseptoria urvilleana (Speg.) R.
Sprague; Septoria urvilleana Speg.)
- Phoma spota
- Peyronellaea americana (Morgan-Jones & J. F. White) Aveskamp, Gruyter, & Verkley
(syn. Phoma americana Morgan-Jones & J. F. White)
- Peyronellaea subglomerata (Boerema, Gruyter, & Noordel.) Aveskamp, Gruyter,
& Verkley
(syns. Ascochyta trachelospermi Fabric.; Phoma subglomerata Boerema, Gruyter,
& Noordel.)
- Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenw. & Hochapfel
- Phoma indianensis (K. B. Deshp. & Mantri) Boerema, Dorenb., & Kesterenb
- Phoma insidiosa Tassib
- Phoma lophiostomoides Sacc.
- Phoma macrostoma var. macrostoma Mont.
- Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenb., & Kesterenb
- Phoma triticina E. Müll.
- Pink snow mold
- Microdochium nivale (Fr.:Fr.) Samuels & I. C. Hallett
(syns. Calonectria nivalis Schaffnit; Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer; Fusarium nivale
Ces. ex Berl. & Voglino; Gerlachia nivalis (Ces. Ex Berl. & Voglino) W. Gams & E.
Müll.; Griphosphaeria nivalis (Schaffnit) E. Müll. & Arx; Lanosa nivalis Fr.;
Micronectriella nivalis (Schaffnit) C. Booth; Monographella nivalis (Schaffnit) E.
Müll.)
- Platyspora leaf spot
- Comoclathris pentamera (P. Karst.) S. Ahmad
(syns. Clathrospora aurea (Ellis) Berl.; Clathrospora passeriniana Berl.;
Clathrospora pentamera (P. Karst.) Berl.; Clathrospora platyspora (Sacc.) Berl.;
Clathrospora pteridis Lind; Comoclathris quadriseptata (Cooke & Harkn.)
Shoemaker & C. E. Babc.; Comoclathris wehmeyeri A. Pande; Graphyllium
pentamerum (P. Karst.) M. E. Barr; Platyspora pentamera (P. Karst.) Wehm.;
Pleospora aurea Ellis & Everh.; Pleospora pentamera P. Karst.; Pleospora
platyspora Sacc.; Pleospora quadriseptata Cooke & Harkn.; Pleospora
turkestanica Rehm)
- Powdery mildew
- Blumeria graminis (DC) Speer f. sp. tritici emend. É. J. Marchal
(syns. Acrosporium hyalinum (Fr.) Sumst.; Acrosporium monilioides Nees;
Erysiphe communis f. graminis (DC.) Fr.; Erysiphe graminis DC.; Monilia hyalina
Fr.; Oidium monilioides (Nees) Link; Oidium tritici Lib.; Tigria graminis (DC.)
Trevis.; Torula acrosporium Corda; Torula bulbigera Bonord.; Torula papillata
Bonord.; Torula rubella Bonord.)
- Pythium root rot
- Globisporangium abappressorium (Paulitz & M. Mazzola) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syn. Pythium abappressorium Paulitz & M. Mazzola)
- Globisporangium debaryanum (R. Hesse) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syns. Eupythium debaryanum (R. Hesse) Nieuwl.; Pythium debaryanum R.
Hesse; Pythium debaryanum var. debaryanum R. Hesse)
- Globisporangium heterothallicum (W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix) Uzuhashi, Tojo,
& Kakish.
(syn. Pythium heterothallicum W. W. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix)
- Globisporangium irregulare (Buisman) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syns. Pythium irregulare Buisman; Pythium fabae G. Cheney; Pythium irregulare
var. hawaiiense Sideris; Pythium polymorphon Sideris)
- Globisporangium sylvaticum (W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syns. Pythium sylvaticum W. A. Campb. & F. F. Hendrix; Pythium debaryanum
var. pelargonii Hans Braun)
- Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syns. Pythium ultimum Trow; Globisporangium ultimum var. ultimum (Trow)
Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.; Pythium ultimum var. ultimum Trow; Pythium haplomitrii
Lilienfeld)
- Pythium aristosporum Vanterp.
- Pythium arrhenomanes Drechsler
(syns. Nematosporangium arrhenomanes (Drechsler) Sideris; Nematosporangium
arrhenomanes var. hawaiiense Sideris; Nematosporangium epiphanosporon
Sideris; Nematosporangium hyphalosticton Sideris; Nematosporangium leiohyphon
Sideris; Nematosporangium leucosticton Sideris; Nematosporangium polyandron
Sideris; Nematosporangium rhizophthoron Sideris; Nematosporangium
spaniogamon Sideris; Nematosporangium thysanohyphalon Sideris; Pythium
arrhenomanes var. canadense Vanterp. & Truscott; Pythium arrhenomanes var.
philippinense Roldan)
- Pythium graminicola Subraman.
(syn. Pythium graminicola var. stagni Höhnk)
- Pythium torulosum Coker & F. Patt.
- Rhizoctonia root rot
- Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn AG-8
(syns. Corticium sasakii (Shirai) H. Matsumoto; Corticium solani (Prill. & Delacr.)
Bourdot & Galzin; Corticium vagum var. solani Burt; Hypochnus cucumeris A. B.
Frank; Hypochnus filamentosus Pat.; Hypochnus sasakii Shirai; Hypochnus solani
Prill. & Delacr.; Moniliopsis aderholdii Ruhland; Moniliopsis solani (J. G. Kühn)
R. Moore; Pellicularia filamentosa (Pat.) D. P. Rogers; Pellicularia filamentosa f. sp.
sasakii Exner; Pellicularia sasakii (Shirai) S. Ito; Rhizoctonia grisea (J. A. Stev.)
Matz; Rhizoctonia napaeae Westend. & Wallays; Rhizoctonia solani var. solani J.
G. Kühn; Sclerotium griseum J. A. Stev.; Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank)
Donk; Thanatephorus sasakii (Shirai) C. C. Tu & Kimbr.)
- Waitea circinata Warcup & Talbot
(syns. Moniliopsis zeae (Voorhees) R. T. Moore; Rhizoctonia zeae Voorhees;
Waitea circinata var. circinata Warcup & Talbot; Waitea nuda Clémençon) c
- Ring spot
- Pyrenophora seminiperda (Brittleb. & D. B. Adam) Shoemaker
(syns. Bipolaris cyclops (Drechsler) R. Sprague; Drechslera campanulata (Lév.) B.
Sutton; Drechslera verticillata (O'Gara) Shoemaker; Helminthosporium cyclops
Drechsler; Pleosphaeria seminiperda Brittleb. & D. B. Adam; Podosporiella
verticillata O'Gara; Pyrenophora horrida Syd.)
- Sclerotinia snow mold (Snow scald)
- Sclerotinia borealis Bubák & Vleugel
(syns. Myriosclerotinia borealis (Bubák & Vleugel) L. M. Kohn; Sclerotinia
graminearum Elenev ex Solkina)
- Septoria tritici blotch
- Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg & Crous
(syns. Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt.; Septoria tritici Desm.;
Sphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) Fuckel; Sphaeria graminicola Fuckel)
- Sharp eyespot
- Ceratobasidium cereale D. Murray & L. L. Burpee
(syns. Ceratorhiza cerealis (E. P. Hoeven) R. T. Moore; Rhizoctonia cerealis
E. P. Hoeven)
- Snow rot
- Globisporangium iwayamae (S. Ito) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syn. Pythium iwayamae S. Ito)
- Globisporangium okanoganense (P. E. Lipps) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.
(syn. Pythium okanoganense P. E. Lipps)
- Pythium aristosporum Vanterp.
- Pythium paddicum Hirane
(syn. Globisporangium paddicum (Hirane) Uzuhashi, Tojo, & Kakish.)
- Southern blight (Sclerotium base rot, Sclerotium wilt)
- Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbr.
(syns. Botryobasidium rolfsii (Curzi) Venkatar.; Corticium rolfsii Curzi; Pellicularia rolfsii (Curzi) E. West; Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)
- Speckled snow mold (Gray snow mold, Typhula blight)
- Typhula incarnata Lasch. ex Fr.
(syns. Clavaria elegantula P. Karst.; Pistillaria elegantula (P. Karst.) Corner;
Typhula elegantula P. Karst.; Typhula itoana S. Imai)
- Typhula ishikariensis var. canadensis J. D. Sm. & Årsvoll
- Typhula ishikariensis var. idahoensis (Remsberg) Årsvoll & J. D. Sm.
(syn. Typhula idahoensis Remsberg)
- Typhula ishikariensis var. ishikariensis S. Imai
- Spot blotch
- Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker
(syns. Bipolaris californica (Mackie & G. E. Paxton) Gornostai; Bipolaris multiformis
(Jooste) Alcorn; Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur;
Drechslera multiformis Jooste; Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram. & B. L.
Jain; Helminthosporium acrothecioides Lindf.; Helminthosporium californicum
Mackie & G. E. Paxton; Helminthosporium sativum Pammel, C. M. King, & Bakke;
Helminthosporium sorokinianum Sacc.; Ophiobolus sativus S. Ito & Kurib.)
- Stagonospora nodorum blotch
- Parastagonospora nodorum (Berk.) Quaedvlieg, Verkley, & Crous
(syns. Depazea nodorum Berk.; Hendersonia nodorum (Berk.) Petr.;
Leptosphaeria nodorum E. Müll.; Macrophoma hennebergii (J. G. Kühn) Berl. &
Voglino; Phaeosphaeria nodorum (E. Müll.) Hedjaroude; Phoma hennebergii J. G.
Kühn; Rhabdospora hennebergii (J. G. Kühn) Sacc. & D. Sacc.; Septoria
glumarum Pass.; Septoria holci Pass.; Septoria nodorum (Berk.) Berk.;
Stagonospora hennebergii (J. G. Kühn) Petr. & Syd.; Stagonospora nodorum
(Berk.) Castell. & E. G. Germano)
- Parastagonospora avenae (A. B. Frank) Quaedvlieg, Verkley, & Crous
(syns. Leptosphaeria avenaria G. F. Weber; Leptosphaeria tritici (Garov.) Pass.;
Phaeosphaeria avenaria (G. F. Weber) O. Erikss.; Phaeosphaeria avenaria
f. sp. avenaria O. E. Erikss.; Phaeosphaeria tritici (Garov.) Hedjaroude; Pleospora
tritici Garov.; Septoria avenae A. B. Frank; Stagonospora avenae (A. B. Frank)
Bissett)
- Stem rust (Black rust)
- Puccinia graminis subsp. graminis Pers.:Pers.
- Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henning
(syns. Aecidium berberidis Pers.; Puccinia albigensis Mayor; Puccinia anthistiriae
Barclay; Puccinia brizae-maximae T. S. Ramakr.; Puccinia cerealis H. Mart.;
Puccinia elymina Miura; Puccinia favargeri Mayor; Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.;
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Erikss. & E. Henn.; Puccinia graminis var. agropyri-
repentis Guyot; Puccinia graminis var. tritici Guyot, Massenot, & Saccas ex Z. Urb.;
Puccinia jubata Ellis & Barthol.; Puccinia linearis Röhl.; Puccinia megalopotamica
Speg.; Puccinia vilis Arthur)
- Stem scald (False eyespot)
- Gibellina cerealis (Pass.) Pass.
(syn. Gibellia cerealis Pass.)
- Storage molds
- Aspergillus spp.
(syn. Eurotium spp.)
- Penicillium spp.
- Stripe rust (Yellow rust)
- Puccinia striiformis Westend.
(syns. Dicaeoma glumarum (Erikss. & Henning) Arthur & Fromme; Puccinia
glumarum Erikss. & E. Henn.; Puccinia lineatula Bubák; Puccinia neglecta
Westend; Puccinia stapfiolae Mundk. & Thirum.; Puccinia tritici Oerst.; Uredo
glumarum J. K. Schmidt)
- Take-all
- Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. L. Olivier var. avenae (E. M. Turner) Dennis
(syn. Ophiobolus graminis var. avenae E. M. Turner)
- Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & D. L. Olivier var. tritici J. Walker
- Tan spot (Yellow leaf spot, Red smudge)
- Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechsler
(syns. Drechslera tritici-repentis (Died.) Shoemaker; Drechslera tritici-vulgaris (Y.
Nisik.) S. Ito; Helminthosporium gramineum f. sp. tritici-repentis Died.;
Helminthosporium tritici-repentis Died.; Helminthosporium tritici-vulgaris Y. Nisik.;
Pleospora trichostoma f. sp. tritici-repentis Died.; Pleospora tritici-repentis Died.;
Pyrenophora tritici-vulgaris J. G. Dicks.)
- Tar spot
- Phyllachora graminis (Pers.:Fr.) Fuckel
(syns. Dothidea graminis (Pers.) Chevall.; Hypopteris graminis (Pers.) Fr. ex P.
Karst.; Leptostromella graminis Grove; Linochora graminis (Grove) Parbery;
Nemania graminis (Pers.) Gray; Polystigma graminis (Pers.) Link; Sphaeria
graminis Pers.)
- Zoosporic root colonizers
- Lagenocystis radicicola (Vanterp. & Ledingham) H. F. Copel.
(syn. Lagena radicicola Vanterp. & Ledingham)
- Ligniera pilorum Fron & Gaillat
- Olpidium brassicae (Woronin) P. A. Dang.
(syns. Asterocystis radicis De Wild.; Chytridium brassicae Woronin; Olpidiaster
radicis (De Wild.) Pascher; Olpidium borzii De Wild.; Olpidium radicicola De Wild.)
- Polymyxa graminis Ledingham
- Rhizophydium graminis Ledingham
NEMATODES, PARASITIC
- Cereal cyst nematodes:
- Heterodera avenae Wollenweber
- Heterodera filipjevi Madzhidov
- Heterodera latipons Franklin
- Heterodera spp.
- Dagger nematode:
- Xiphinema americanum Cobb
- Grass cyst nematode:
- Punctodera punctata Mulvey & Stone
(syn. Heterodera punctata Thorne)
- Lance nematode:
- Hoplolaimus spp.
- Needle nematode:
- Longidorus spp.
- Ring nematode:
- Criconemella spp.
- Root-gall nematode:
- Subanguina radicicola (Greeff) Paramanov
- Root-knot nematodes:
- Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood
- Meloidogyne artiellia Franklin
- Meloidogyne chitwoodi Golden et al.
- Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood
- Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood
- Meloidogyne naasi Franklin
- Meloidogyne spp.
- Root-lesion nematodes:
- Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Filipjev & Schuurmanns-Stekhoven
- Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen
- Pratylenchus spp.
- Seed-gall nematode:
- Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) Filipjev
- Spiral nematode:
- Helicotylenchus spp.
- Stem nematode:
- Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev
- Sting nematode:
- Belonolaimus spp.
- Stubby-root nematodes:
- Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) Siddiqi
- Paratrichodorus spp.
- Trichodorus spp.
- Stunt nematodes:
- Geocenamus brevidens (Allen) Brzeski
(syns. Merlinius brevidens (Allen) Siddiqi; Tylenchorhynchus brevidens Allen)
- Tylenchorhynchus brevilineatus Williams
- Tylenchorhynchus dubius (Buetschli) Filipjev
- Tylenchorhynchus spp.
PARASITIC HIGHER PLANT
- Witchweed
- Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze
(syn. Striga lutea Lour.)
- Striga spp.
PHYTOPLASMAL DISEASE
- Aster yellows
- ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris' Lee et al.
VIRAL AND VIROID DISEASES
- African cereal streak (see Maize streak)
- Agropyron mosaic
- Genus Rymovirus; Agropyron mosaic virus (AgMV)
- Australian wheat striate mosaic (see Chloris striate mosaic)
- Barley stripe mosaic
- Genus Hordeivirus; Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV)
- Barley yellow dwarf
- Genus Luteovirus; Barley yellow dwarf virus–kerII, Barley yellow dwarf virus–kerIII, Barley yellow dwarf virus–MAV, Barley yellow dwarf virus–PAS, Barley yellow dwarf virus–PAV
- Genus Polerovirus; Cereal yellow dwarf virus–RPS, Cereal yellow dwarf virus–RPV
- Unassigned; Barley yellow dwarf virus–GPV, Barley yellow dwarf virus–SGV, Barley yellow dwarf virus–RMV
- Barley yellow streak mosaic
- Unassigned; Barley yellow streak mosaic virus (BYSMV)
- Barley yellow striate mosaic
- Genus Cytorhabdovirus; Barley yellow striate mosaic virus (BYSMV)
- Barley yellow stripe (see Barley stripe mosaic)
- Brazilian wheat spike
- Genus Tenuivirus; Brazilian wheat spike virus (BWSpV) d
- Brome mosaic
- Genus Bromovirus; Brome mosaic virus (BMV)
- Cereal chlorotic mottle
- Genus Nucleorhabdovirus; Cereal chlorotic mottle virus (CerCMV)
- Cereal northern mosaic (see Northern cereal mosaic)
- Cereal tillering disease (see also Maize rough dwarf)
- Genus Fijivirus; Cereal tillering disease virus
- Chloris striate mosaic
- Genus Mastrevirus; Chloris striate mosaic virus (CSMV)
- Cocksfoot mottle
- Genus Sobemovirus; Cocksfoot mottle virus (CoMV)
- Eastern wheat striate
- Unclassified; Eastern wheat striate virusd
- Enanismo
- Probable virus or phytoplasmad
- European wheat striate mosaic
- Genus Tenuivirus; European wheat striate mosaic virus (EWSMV)
- Flame chlorosis
- Probable virus vectored by Pythium spp., flame chlorosis-specific dsRNAd
- High Plains disease
- Genus Emaravirus; Wheat mosaic virus (WMoV)
- Iranian wheat stripe virus
- Genus Tenuivirus; Iranian wheat stripe virus (IWSV)
- Maize rough dwarf
- Genus Fijivirus; Maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV)
- Maize streak
- Genus Mastrevirus; Maize streak virus (MSV)
- Northern cereal mosaic
- Genus Cytorhabdovirus; Northern cereal mosaic virus (NCMV)
- Oat sterile dwarf
- Genus Fijivirus; Oat sterile dwarf virus (OSDV)
- Rice black streaked dwarf
- Genus Fijivirus; Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)
- Rice hoja blanca
- Genus Tenuivirus; Rice hoja blanca virus (RHBV)
- Rice stripe
- Genus Tenuivirus; Rice stripe virus (RSV)
- Tobacco mosaic
- Genus Tobamovirus; Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)
- Triticum aestivum chlorotic spot
- Genus Nucleorhabdovirus; Triticum aestivum chlorotic spot virus (TaCSV)
- Triticum mosaic
- Triticum mosaic virus
- Wheat American striate mosaic
- Genus Cytorhabdovirus; Wheat American striate mosaic virus (WASMV)
- Wheat chlorotic spot (see Triticum aestivum chlorotic spot)
- Wheat chlorotic streak (Wheat chlorotic streak mosaic) (see Barley yellow striate mosaic)
- Wheat dwarf
- Genus Mastrevirus; Wheat dwarf virus (WDV)
- Wheat rosette stunt (see Northern cereal mosaic)
- Wheat soil-borne mosaic
- Genus Furovirus; Chinese wheat mosaic virus; Japanese wheat mosaic virus; Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus; Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV)
- Wheat soil-borne yellow mosaic (see Wheat yellow mosaic)
- Wheat spindle streak mosaic
- Genus Bymovirus; Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV)
- Wheat spot mosaic
- Unclassified; probable virus or phytoplasma
- Wheat streak mosaic
- Genus Tritimovirus; Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)
- Wheat striate mosaic (see Wheat American striate mosaic)
- Wheat yellow leaf
- Genus Closterovirus; Wheat yellow leaf virus (WYLV)
- Wheat yellow mosaic
- Genus Bymovirus; Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV)
(syn. Soil-borne wheat yellow mosaic virus)
- Winter wheat mosaic
- Genus Tenuivirus; Winter wheat mosaic virus (WWMV)d
- Winter wheat (Russian) mosaic
- Genus Nucleorhabdovirus; Winter wheat Russian mosaic virus (WWRMV)
- Yellow head disease
- Genus Tenuivirus; Wheat yellow head virus (WYHV) d
aSynonyms for each pathogen species are too numerous to list.
b The Farr and Rossman database lists this as a synonym for
Epicoccum sorghi; however, this is incorrect, since
Epicoccum produces phaeodictyospores in a sporodochium and does not look like
Phoma, which produces hyaloamerospores in a pycnidium.
c Rhizoctonia oryzae Ryker & Gooch has been widely used as a synonym; however, this name is apparently invalid.
d No taxonomic references for this virus could be found.
