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Ectopic Expression of an Arabidopsis Calmodulin-Like Domain Protein Kinase-Enhanced NADPH Oxidase Activity and Oxidative Burst in Tomato Protoplasts

¹Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Cereal Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2M9; ²Department of Biology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China 510631; ³Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6

Among plant defense responses to pathogen attack, the release of active oxygen species (AOS), termed the oxidative burst, may affect the attacking pathogen and the host plant cells at the infection site, thereby limiting the spread of the pathogen. Plasma membrane-associated NADPH oxidase represents a key enzyme in mediating the oxidative burst. The mechanisms of NADPH oxidase activation, however, remains unclear. Ectopic expression of AK1-6H, an Arabidopsis calmodulin-like domain protein kinase (CDPK) in tomato protoplasts enhanced plasma membrane-associated NADPH oxidase activity. Arabidopsis protein phosphatase 2A abolished this enhancement, whereas Arabidopsis dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 or maize protein phosphatase 1 had no effect. tMEK2^MUT, a constitutively activated, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase from tomato, did not enhance NADPH oxidase activity when overexpressed. In a cell-free system, AK1-6H moderately stimulated the NADPH oxidase activity on plasma membrane. AK1-6H, but not tMEK2^MUT, also enhanced production of AOS in intact protoplasts. Our results show that ectopic expression of a heterologous CDPK can enhance NADPH oxidase activity and stimulate an oxidative burst in tomato protoplasts.

Additional keywords: dephosphorylation, gene expression, phosphorylation.