A. L. Jones, primary collator (last update 9/4/00)
BACTERIAL DISEASES
- Blister spot
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans (Rose 1917) Dhanvantari 1977
- Crown gall
- Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942
- Fire blight
- Erwinia amylovora (Burrill 1882) Winslow et al. 1920
- Hairy root
- Agrobacterium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Conn 1942
FUNGAL DISEASES
- Alternaria blotch
- Alternaria mali Roberts
- = A. alternata (Fr.:Fr) Keissl, apple pathotype
- Alternaria rot
- Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl
- American brown rot
- Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey
- Anthracnose canker and bull's-eye rot
- Pezicula malicorticis (H. Jacks.) Nannf
- Cryptosporiopsis curvispora (Peck) Gremmen in
Boerema & Gremmen [anamorph]
- Apple scab
- Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Wint.
- Spilocaea pomi Fr.:Fr. [anamorph]
- Apple ring rot and canker
- Botryosphaeria berengeriana De Not. (Japan, China)
- = Physalospora piricola Nose
- Armillaria root rot = shoestring root rot
- Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm.
- Bitter rot
- Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
- in Penz. [anamorph]
- C. acutatum J. H. Simmons
- Black pox
- Helminthosporium papulosum Berg.
- Black root rot
- Xylaria mali Fromme
- X. polymorpha (Pers.:Fr.) Grev.
- Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker
- Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker
- Sphaeropsis malorum Berk. [anamorph]
- Blister canker = nailhead canker
- Biscogniauxia marginata (Fr.) Pouzar
- = Nummularia discreta (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul.
- Blue mold
- Penicillium spp.
- P. expansum Link
- Brooks fruit spot
- Mycosphaerella pomi (Pass.) Lindau
- Cylindrosporium pomi C. Brooks [anamorph]
- Brown rot blossom blight and spur infection*
- Monilinia laxa (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey
- Calyx-end rot
- Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
- Clitocybe root rot
- Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Dennis et al.
- = Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Bres.
- Diaporthe canker*
- Diaporthe tanakae Kobayashi & Sakuma (Japan)
- Phomopsis tanakae Kobayashi & Sakuma [anamorph]
- Diplodia canker
- Botryosphaeria stevensii Shoemaker
- = Physalospora malorum Shear et al.
- Diplodia mutila (Fr.: Fr.) Mont. [anamorph]
- European brown rot
- Monilinia fructigena Honey in Whetzel
- Monilia fructigena Pers.:Fr. [anamorph]
- Monilinia laxa (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey
- Fisheye rot
- Butlerelfia eustacei Weresub & Illman
- = Corticium centrifugum (Lév.) Bres.
- Flyspeck
- Schizothyrium pomi (Mont.:Fr.) Arx
- Zygophiala jamaicensis E. Mason [anamorph]
- Fruit blotch, leaf spot and twig canker
- Phyllosticta solitaria Ellis & Everh.
- Glomerella leaf spot
- Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & H. Schrenk
- Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc.
- in Penz. [anamorph]
- Gray mold rot = dry eye rot, blossom-end rot
- Botrytis cinerea Pers.Fr.
- Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel [teleomorph]
- Leptosphaeria canker and fruit rot
- Diapleella coniothyrium (Fuckel) Barr
- = Leptosphaeria coniothyrium (Fuckel) Sacc.
- Coniothyrium fuckelii Sacc. [anamorph]
- Leucostoma canker and dieback
- Leucostoma cincta (Fr.:Fr.) Hohn.
- Cytospora cincta Sacc. [anamorph]
- Valsa auerswaldii Nitschke
- = Leucostoma auerswaldii (Nitschke) Hohn.
- Cytospora personata Fr. [anamorph]
- Marssonina blotch*
- Diplocarpon mali Harada & Sawamura (Japan, Canada, India, Korea, Rumania)
- Marssonina coronaria (Ellis & J. J. Davis)
- J. J. Davis [anamorph]
- Moldy core and core rot
- Alternaria spp.
- Cladosporium spp.
- Coniothyrium sp.
- Epicoccum spp.
- Pleospora herbarum (Pers.) Rabenh.
- Stemphylium spp.
- Ulocladium spp.
- wet core rot, mainly Penicillium spp.
- Monilia leaf blight*
- Monilinia mali (Takahashi) Whetzel (Japan, China, former Soviet Union)
- Monilia sp. [anamorph]
- Monochaetia twig canker
- Seiridium unicorne (Cooke & Ellis) Sutton
- = Monochaetia mali (Ellis & Everh.) Sacc.
- Lepteutypa cupressi (Nattras et al.) H. J. Swart
[teleomorph]
- Mucor rot
- Mucor spp.
- M. piriformis E. Fischer
- Nectria canker
- Nectria galligena Bres. in Strass.
- Cylindrocarpon heteronemum (Berk. & Broome)
- Wollenweb. [anamorph]
- Nectria twig blight = coral spot
- Nectria cinnabarina (Tode:Fr.) Fr.
- Tubercularia vulgaris Tode:Fr. [anamorph]
- Peniophora root canker*
- Peniophora sacrata G. H. Cunn.
- Perennial canker
- Neofabrae perennans Kienholz
- Cryptosporiopsis perennans (Zeller & Childs)
- Wollenweb. [anamorph]
- Phomopsis canker, fruit decay and rough bark
- Phomopsis mali Roberts
- Diaporthe perniciosa Em. Marchal [teleomorph]
- Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot
- Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert
- = Phymatotrichum omnivorum Duggar
- Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot = sprinkler rot
- Phytophthora spp.
- P. cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schröt.
- P. cambivora (Petr.) Buisman
- P. cryptogea Pethybr. & Lafferty
- P. megasperma Drechs.
- P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.
- Phytophthora fruit rot
- Phytophthora cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J. Schrot.
- P. syringae (Kleb.) Kleb.
- Pink mold rot
- Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link
- = Cephalothecium roseum Corda
- Powdery mildew
- Podosphaera leucotricha (Ellis & Everh.) E. S. Salmon
- Rosellinia root rot = Dematophora root rot
- Rosellinia necatrix Prill.
- Dematophora necatrix R. Hartig [anamorph]
- Rusts
- American hawthorne rust
- Gymnosporangium globosum (Farl.) Farl.
- Cedar apple rust
- Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae Schwein
- Japanese apple rust*
- Gymnosporangium yamadae Miyabe ex Yamada (Asia)
- Pacific Coast pear rust
- Gymnosporangium libocedri (C. Henn.) F. Kern
- Quince rust
- Gymnosporangium clavipes (Cooke & Peck) Cooke & Peck in Peck
- Side rot
- Phialophora malorum (M. N. Kidd & A. Beaumont) McColloch
- Silver leaf
- Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar
- Sooty blotch complex
- Peltaster fructicola (Johnson, Sutton, Hodges)
- Geastrumia polystigmatis Batista & M. L. Farr
- Leptodontium elatius (G. Mangenot) De Hoog
- Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby
- Southern blight
- Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.
- Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) Tu & Kimbrough [teleomorph]
- Thread blight = Hypochnus leaf blight
- Corticium stevensii Burt
- = Pellicularia koleroga Cooke
- = Hypochnus ochroleucus Noack
- Valsa canker*
- Valsa ceratosperma (Tode:Fr.) Maire (Japan, China, Korea)
- Cytospora sacculus (Schwein.) Gvritischvili [anamorph]
- Violet root rot*
- Helicobasidium mompa Tanaka (Japan, China, Korea)
- White root rot
- Scytinostroma galactinum (Fr.) Donk
- = Corticium galactinum (Fr.) Burt
- White rot
- Botryosphaeria dothidea (Moug.) Ces. & De Not.
- Fusicoccum aesculi Corda [anamorph]
- X-spot = Nigrospora spot
- Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Broome) Petch
- Zonate leaf spot*
- Cristulariella moricola (Hino) Redhead (Japan)
- Grovesinia pyramidalis M. Cline et al. [teleomorph]
NEMATODES, PARASITIC
- Dagger nematode
- Xiphinema americanum Cobb
- X. rivesi Dalmasso
- X. vuittenezi Luc et al.
- Lesion nematode
- Pratylenchus spp.
- P. penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev & Schuurmans-Stekhoven
- Pin nematode
- Paratylenchus spp.
- Ring nematode
- Criconemella spp.
- Root-knot nematode
- Meloidogyne spp.
VIRAL DISEASES
- Apple chlorotic leafspot
- genus Trichovirus, Apple chlorotic leafspot virus (ACLSV)
- Apple dwarf (Malus platycarpa)
- Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV) (? not US/CAN)
- Apple flat apple
- genus Nepovirus, Cherry rasp leaf virus (CRLV)
- Apple mosaic
- genus Ilarvirus, Apple mosaic virus (ApMV)
- genus Ilarvirus, Tulare apple mosaic virus (TAMV)
- Apple stem grooving = Apple decline of Virginia crab
- genus Capillovirus, Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV)
- Apple stem pitting = apple Spy 227 epinasty and decline
- Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV)
- Apple union necrosis and decline
- genus Nepovirus, Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)
VIROID DISEASES
- Apple blister bark (‘Delicious’)
- Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd)
- Apple dimple fruit
- Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd)
- Apple fruit crinkle*
- Apple fruit crinkle viroid (AFCVd) (Japan)
- Apple scar skin = apple dapple, apple sabi-ka, apple bumpy fruit
- Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd)
SUSPECTED VIRAL- AND VIROID-LIKE DISEASES (graft-transmissible pathogens [GTP])
- Dead spur
- GTP, unidentified
- False sting
- GTP, virus suspected
- Green crinkle
- GTP, virus suspected
- Rough skin
- GTP, virus suspected
- Star crack
- GTP, virus suspected
PHYTOPLASMAL and SPIROPLASMAL DISEASES
- Apple chat fruit
- Phytoplasma suspected
- Apple decline
- Phytoplasma suspected
- Apple proliferation
- Phytoplasma
- Rubbery wood
- Phytoplasma suspected
MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES and DISORDERS
- Bitter pit
- Localized calcium deficiency
- Blossom blast
- Boron deficiency
- Burrknot
- Genetically predisposed rootstock
- Fruit cracking
- Genetic
- Fruit russet
- Frost, sprays, etc.
- Green mottle
- Unidentified
- Hollow apple
- High temperature
- Internal bark necrosis = measles
- Low pH and mineral nutrient imbalance
- Internal browning
- Boron and calcium deficiencies, etc.
- Jonathan spot
- Reduced by controlled atmosphere storage
- Narrow leaf
- Genetic
- Necrotic leaf blotch of ‘Golden Delicious’
- Rapid synthesis of gibberellins triggered by environmental factors
- Storage scald
- Injury to fruit surfaces by naturally occurring gases produced by the fruit
- Sunburn
- Sun injury to fruit
- Sunscald
- Freezing of bark following high temperatures in winter
- Water core
- Sorbitol accumulation
*Not known to occur naturally on apple in the United States of America.
