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Diseases of Cucurbits
(Citrullus, Cucumis, Cucurbita spp. and others)

A. P. Keinath, W. M. Wintermantel, T. A. Zitter, and A. Y. Rossman, primary collators (last update: 6/15/2018)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Angular leaf spot

Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Smith & Bryan) Young et al.

Bacterial brown spot

Pantoea ananatis Serrano) Mergaert, Verdonck, & Kersters

       (syn. Pantoea ananatis pv. ananatis (Serrano) Mergaert, Verdonck, & Kersters)

Bacterial fruit blotch

Acidovorax citrulli Schaad et al.

       (syns. Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli (Schaad et al.) Willems et al.; Pseudomonas

       avenae subsp. citrulli (Schaad et al.) Hu et al.)

Bacterial rind necrosis

Erwinia spp.

Bacterial soft rot

Pectobacterium carotovorum (Jones) Waldee

       (syn. Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones) Dye)

Bacterial wilt

Erwinia tracheiphila (Smith) Bergey et al.

Cichorii seedling blight*

Pseudomonas cichorii (Swingle) Stapp

Cucurbit yellow vine disease

Serratia marcescens Bizio

Syringae blight and leaf spot

Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae van Hall

Viridiflava white spot*

Pseudomonas viridiflava (Burkholder) Dowson

Xanthomonas leaf spot (formerly bacterial leaf spot)

Xanthomonas cucurbitae (ex Bryan) Vauterin et al.

PHYTOPLASMA DISEASE

Aster yellows

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (Lee et al.)

FUNGAL DISEASES

Acrocalymma vine decline

Acrocalymma vagum (D. F. Farr) Crous & Trakun.

       (syn. Rhizopycnis vagum D. F. Farr)

Alternaria leaf blight

Alternaria citrullicola Woudenb. & Crous

A. cucumerina (Ellis & Everh.) J. A. Elliott

Alternaria leaf spot

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl. f. sp. cucurbitae Vakal.

Alternaria rot

Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl.

       (syn. A. tenuis Nees)

Anthracnose

Colletotrichum magnum (S. F. Jenkins & Winstead) Rossman & W. C. Allen (on fruit)

C. orbiculare Damm, P. F. Cannon & Crous

       (syns. Colletotrichum lagenaria (Pass.) Ellis & Halst.; Glomerella lagenaria F. Stevens)

Belly rot

Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn

       (syn. Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk)

Black root rot

Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris

Black rot (see Gummy stem blight)

Blue mold rot

Penicillium spp.

Cercospora leaf spot

Cercospora citrullina Cooke

Charcoal rot (vine decline and fruit rot)

Macrophomina phaseolina Goid.

Choanephora fruit rot (Choanephora wet rot)

Choanephora cucurbitarum (Berk. & Ravenel) Thaxt.

Crater rot (fruit), Myrothecium canker

Myrothecium roridum Tode:Fr.

Damping-off

Acremonium spp.

Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc.

       (syn. Gibberella intricans Wollenw.)

Fusarium spp.

Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn

       (syn. Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk)

Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. & Broome) Ferraris

Other fungi

(see also Oomycete Diseases)

Fusarium crown and foot rot

Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. cucurbitae W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen race 1

       (syns. Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. species complex [FSSC] 5; Nectria haematococca

       Berk. & Broome MP I)

Fusarium fruit rot

Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everh.

F. avenaceum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc.

F. culmorum (Wm. G. Sm.) Sacc.

F. equiseti (Corda) Sacc.

F. graminearum Schwabe

       (syn. Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch)

F. graminum Corda

F. incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc.

       (syn. F. semitectum Berk. & Ravenel)

F. oxysporum Schltdl.:Fr. f. sp. melonis W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen

F. petroliphilum (Q. T. Chen & X. H. Fu) Geiser, O’Donnell, Short & N. Zhang

       (syns. F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. cucurbitae W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen race 2;

       Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome MP V)

F. scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey

F. solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. cucurbitae W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen race 1

       (syn. Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome MP I)

F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg

       (syn. F. moniliforme J. Sheld.)

Fusarium spp.

Fusarium root and stem rot*

Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.:Fr. f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum Vakal.

Fusarium wilt

Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl.:Fr. (with these formae speciales):

f. sp. benincasae Gerlagh & Ester (wax gourd)*

f. sp. cucumerinum J. H. Owen (cucumber)

f. sp. lagenariae Matuo & I. Yamam. (bottle gourd, calabash gourd)*

f. sp. luffae Kawai et al. (loofah, vegetable sponge)*

f. sp. melonis W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen (melon)

f. sp. momordicae S. K. Sun & J. W. Huang (bitter melon)*

f. sp. niveum (E. F. Sm.) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hansen (watermelon)

Gray mold

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

       (syn. Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel)

Gummy stem blight, Black rot (fruit)

Stagonosporopsis caricae (Sydow & P. Sydow) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley

S. citrulli M. T. Brewer & J. E. Stewart

S. cucurbitacearum (Fr.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley

       (syns. Didymella bryoniae (Auersw.) Rehm; Phoma cucurbitacearum (Fr.:Fr.) Sacc.;

       Phyllosticta cucurbitacearum Sacc.)

Lasiodiplodia vine decline, Lasiodiplodia fruit rot

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

       (syn. Botryosphaeria rhodina (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Arx)

Monosporascus root rot and vine decline (Monosporascus wilt)

Monosporascus cannonballus Pollack & Uecker

M. eutypoides (Petr.) Arx

Myrothecium canker (see Crater rot)

Net spot

Leandria momordicae Rangel

Phoma blight

Boeremia exigua (Desm.) Aveskamp, Gruyter & Verkley var. exigua

       (syns. Phoma exigua Desm. var. exigua; Ascochyta phaseolorum Sacc.)

Phomopsis black root rot*

Diaporthe sclerotioides (Kesteren) Udayanga

       (syn. Phomopsis sclerotioides Kesteren)

Phomopsis fruit rot

Diaporthe cucurbitae (McKeen) Udayanga & Castl.*

       (syn. Phomopsis cucurbitae McKeen)

D. melonis Beraha & M. J. O’Brien

D. sojae Lehman

       (syn. D. melonis var. brevistylospora Tak. Kobayashi & Tak. Ohsawa)

D. ueckerae Udayanga & Castl.

Pink mold rot

Trichothecium roseum (Pers.:Fr.) Link

Pink root

Setophoma terrestris (H. N. Hansen) Gruyter, Aveskamp & Verkley

       (syns. Phoma terrestris H. N. Hansen; Pyrenochaeta terrestris (H. N. Hansen)

       Gorenz, J. C. Walker & Larson)

Plectosphaerella root and hypocotyl rot

Plectosphaerella melonis (Ts. Watan. & Mas. Sato) A. J. L. Phillips, Carlucci & M.L. Raimondo

       (syns. Acremonium cucurbitacearum Alfaro-García, W. Gams & J. García-Jim.;

       Nodulisporium melonis Ts. Watan. & Mas. Sato)

Plectosporium blight

Plectosphaerella cucumerina (Lindf.) W. Gams

       (syns. Fusarium tabacinum (J. F. H. Beyma) W. Gams; Microdochium tabacinum

       (J. F. H. Beyma) Arx; Plectosporium tabacinum (J. F. H. Beyma) M. E. Palm, W. Gams &

       Nirenberg)

Powdery mildew

Golovinomyces cichoracearum (DC.) V. P. Heluta

       (syn. Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.)

Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) U. Braun & Shishkoff

       (syns. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schltdl.) Pollacci; S. fusca (Fr.) S. Blumer)

Purple stem vine decline

Diaporthe melonis Beraha & M. J. O’Brien

Red rot

Epicoccum nigrum Link

Rhizopus soft rot

Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.

Scab, Gummosis

Cladosporium cucumerinum Ellis & Arthur

Sclerotinia stem rot, Sclerotinia rot (fruit)

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Septoria leaf spot

Septoria cucurbitacearum Sacc.

Southern blight

Athelia rolfsii (Curzi) C. C. Tu & Kimbr.

       (syn. Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)

Target spot (Corynespora blight)

Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) C. T. Wei

Ulocladium leaf spot

Ulocladium cucurbitae (Letendre & Roum.) E. G. Simmons

Verticillium wilt

Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold

V. dahliae Kleb.

Web blight

Rhizoctonia solani J. G. Kühn

       (syn. Thanatephorus cucumeris (A. B. Frank) Donk)

OOMYCETE DISEASES

Damping-off

Phytophthora capsici Leonian

Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker

Phytophthora spp.

Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.

Pythium irregulare Buisman

       (syn. Globisporangium irregulare (Buisman) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish.)

Pythium ultimum Trow

       (syn. Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish.)

Pythium spp.

Downy mildew

Pseudoperonospora cubensis (Berk. & M. A. Curtis) Rostovzev

Phytophthora crown and root rot, Phytophthora fruit rot

Phytophthora capsici Leonian

Phytophthora spp.

Pythium cottony leak (Pythium fruit rot)

Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.

P. oligandrum Drechsler

P. ultimum Trow

       (syn. Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish.)

Pythium spp.

Root rot

Phytophthora drechsleri Tucker

Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.

Pythium ultimum Trow

       (syn. Globisporangium ultimum (Trow) Uzuhashi, Tojo & Kakish.)

Sudden wilt

Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp.

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES AND DISORDERS

Air pollution injury

Ozone, sulfur dioxide, and others

Bitter fruit

Sunburn injury, physiologic stress

Blossom-end rot

Physiological disorder, calcium deficiency, moisture imbalance

Bottle neck of fruit

Incomplete pollination

Measles

Physiological disorder, salt toxicity

Sand burn

Physiological disorder

Sunburn, sunscald (fruit)

Intense (sunburn) or excessive (sunscald) injury caused by direct heat or solar radiation

Windburn

Physiological disorder

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Burrowing

Radopholus spp.

Dagger

Xiphinema americanum Cobb

Xiphinema spp.

Lance

Hoplolaimus spp.

Lesion

Pratylenchus thornei Sher & Allen

Pratylenchus spp.

Needle

Longidorus spp.

Pin

Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins

Reniform

Rotylenchulus reniformis Linford & Oliveira

Ring

Criconemella spp.

Root-knot

Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood

M. hapla Chitwood

M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

M. javanica (Treub) Chitwood

Spiral

Helicotylenchus microlobus Perry

Stem and Bulb

Ditylenchus spp.

Sting

Belonolaimus longicaudatus Rau

Stubby-root

Paratrichodorus minor (Colbran) Steiner

Paratrichodorus spp.

Trichodorus spp.

Stunt

Tylenchorhynchus claytoni Steiner

VIRUS DISEASES

Cucumber green mottle mosaic

Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)

Cucumber leaf spot*

Cucumber leaf spot virus (CLSV)

Cucumber mosaic

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)

Cucumber pale fruit

Hop stunt viroid (HSVd)

Cucumber vein yellowing*

Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV)

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows

Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV)

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows*

Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV)

Cucurbit leaf crumple

Cucurbit leaf crumple virus (CuLCrV)

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV)

Curly top

Beet curly top virus (BCTV)

Lettuce infectious yellows

Lettuce infectious yellows virus (LIYV)

Melon chlorotic leaf curl*

Melon chlorotic leaf curl virus (MCLCuV)

Melon necrotic spot

Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV)

Melon yellow spot*

Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV)

Melon yellowing*

Melon yellowing-associated virus (MYaV)

Moroccan watermelon mosaic*

Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus (MWMV)

Papaya ringspot

Papaya ringspot virus Watermelon strain (PRSV-W)

Pseudoyellows

Beet pseudoyellows virus (BPYV)

Squash leaf curl

Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV)

Squash mosaic

Squash mosaic virus (SqMV)

Squash vein yellowing

Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV)

Squash yellow mild mottle*

Squash yellow mild mottle virus (SYMMoV)

Tobacco ringspot

Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV)

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi*

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV)

Tomato ringspot

Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV)

Watermelon chlorotic stunt*

Watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WmCSV)

Watermelon mosaic

Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)

Watermelon silver mottle*

Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV

Yellow vein mosaic*

Squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV)

Squash leaf curl Philippines virus (SLCPHV)

Zucchini yellow mosaic

Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV)

Uncommon and Regionally Specific Cucurbit-Infecting Viruses

Algerian watermelon mosaic virus*

Clover yellow vein virus

Cucumber necrosis virus

Melon chlorotic mosaic virus

Melon rugose mosaic virus*

Melon vein-banding mosaic virus*

Muskmelon vein necrosis virus

Ourmia melon virus*

Telfairia mosaic virus*

Watermelon bud necrosis virus*

Wild cucumber mosaic virus

Zucchini lethal chlorosis virus*

Zucchini tigre mosaic virus*

Zucchini yellow fleck virus*

 

*Not known to occur naturally on cucurbits in the United States.