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Diseases of Mango (Mangifera indica L.)

K. Pernezny and G. W. Simone, primary collators (last update 11/09/00)

BACTERIAL DISEASES

Bacterial black spot = bacterial canker

Xanthomonas campestris pv. mangiferaeindicae (Patel, Moniz, and Kulkarni 1948) Robbs, Ribeiro and Kimura 1974

Bacterial fruit rot

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
    (Jones 1901) Hauben et al. 1999

= Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Jones 1901)
    Bergey et al. 1923

Erwinia herbicola (Löhnis 1911) Dye 1964

Crown gall

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Smith and Townsend 1907) Conn 1942

FUNGAL DISEASES

Alternaria leaf spots

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.

Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze:Fr.) Wiltshire

Anthracnose

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz & Sacc. in Penz.

    Glomerella cingulata (Stoneman) Spauld. & Schrenk
    [teleomorph]

Colletotrichum acutatum J.H. Simmonds

Black banded disease

Rhinocladium corticum (Massee)

Black mildew

Meliola mangiferae Earle

Black mold rot

Aspergillus niger Tiegh.

Black rot

Ceratocystis paradoxa (Dade) C. Moreau

    Chalara paradoxa (deSeyn.) Sacc. [anamorph]

Blossom blight

Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr.

Blue mold

Penicillium expansum Link

Branch canker

Botryosphaeria ribis Gross. & Duggar

    Fusicoccum sp. [anamorph]

Hypoxylon serpens (Pers.:Fr.) J. Kickx fil. var. effusum (Nitschke) J.H. Miller

Branch necrosis

Dothiorella sp.

Ceratocystis wilt

Ceratocystis fimbriata Ellis & Halst.

    Chalara sp. [anamorph]

Charcoal fruit rot

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich

Charcoal root rot

Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich

Crown rot

Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc.

    Nectria haematococca Berk. & Broome [teleomorph]

Crusty leaf spot

Zimmermaniella trispora P. Henn.

Curvularia blight

Curvularia tuberculata P.C. Jain

Dieback

Botryosphaeria disrupta (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Arx &
    E. Müller

= Physalospora disrupta (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Sacc.

Botryosphaeria quercuum (Schwein.) Sacc.

= Physalospora glandicola (Schwein.) N. Stevens

Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx

= Physalospora rhodina Cooke

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

= Botryosphaeria theobromae Pat.

Felt fungus

Septobasidium bogoriense Pat.

Septobasidium pilosum Boedijn & B.A. Steinmann

    Johncouchia mangiferae (Batista) S.J. Hughes &
    Cavalconti [anamorph]

Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum Burt

Fruit rot

Alternaria alternata (Fr.:Fr.) Keissl.

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan

= P. nicotianae Breda de Haan var. parasitica (Dastur)
    G.M. Waterhouse

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (Henn.) Steyaert

Phyllosticta anacardiacearum van der Aa

    Guignardia mangiferae A.J. Roy [teleomorph]

Gall

Fusarium decemcellare C. Brick

    Calonectria rigidiuscula (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
    [teleomorph]

Gray leaf spot

Pestalotiopsis mangiferae (Henn.) Steyaert

= Pestalotia mangiferae Henn.

Hendersonia rot

Hendersonia creberrima Sydow & Butler

Leaf blight

Bipolaris hawaiiensis (M.B. Ellis) J. Uchida & Aragaki

Leaf spot

Curvularia lunata (Wakk.) Boedijn

Leptosphaeria sp.

Macrophoma sp.

Phaeosphaerella mangiferae F.Stevens & Weedon in
    F. Stevens

Phoma sorghina (Sacc.) Boerema, Dorenbosch &
    Van Kesteren

Pseudocercospora mali (Ellis & Everh.) Deighton

Pseudocercospora subsessilis (Syd. & P. Syd.) Deighton

Septoria sp.

Verticillium lecanii (A. Zimmerm.) Viégas

Macrophoma rot

Macrophoma mangiferae Hingorani & Sharma

Mango malformation

Fusarium subglutinans (Wollenweb. & Reinking) P.E. Nelson, T.A. Toussoun & Marasas

(Note: some debate remains as to complete etiology of this disease.)

Mucor rot

Mucor circinelloides Tiegh.

Mushroom root rot

Armillaria tabescens (Scop.) Dennis, Orton & Hora

Phoma blight

Phoma glomerata (Corda) Wollenweb. & Hochapfel

Phyllosticta leaf spot

Phyllosticta mortonii Fairm.

Phyllosticta citricarpa (McAlpine) van der Aa

    Guignardia citricarpa Kiely [teleomorph]

Phyllosticta anacardiacearum van der Aa

    Guignardia mangiferae A.J. Roy [teleomorph]

Pink disease

Erythricium salmonicolor (Berk. & Broome) Burdsall

= Corticium salmonicolor Berk. & Broome

    Necator decretus Massee [anamorph]

Powdery mildew

Erysiphe cichoracearum DC.

    Oidium asteris - punicei Peck [anamorph]

Oidium mangiferae Berthet.

Rhizopus rot

Rhizopus arrhizus A. Fischer

= R. oryzae Went & Prinsen Geerligs

Root rot

Cylindrocladiella peruviana (Batista, Bezerra & Herrera)
    Boesewinkel

= Cylindrocladium peruvianum Batista, Bezerra & Herrera

Phymatotrichopsis omnivora (Duggar) Hennebert

Phytophthora nicotianae Breda de Haan

=P. nicotianae Breda de Haan var. parasitica (Dastur)
    G.M. Waterhouse

Phytophthora palmivora (E.J. Butler) E.J. Butler

Pythium spp.

Pythium splendens H. Braun

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

    Thanatephorus cucumeris (A.B. Frank) Donk
    [teleomorph]

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. var. delphinii (Welch) Boerema
    & Hamers

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Scab

Elsinoe mangiferae Bitancourt & Jenk.

    Sphaceloma mangiferae Bitancourt & Jenk. [anamorph]

Sclerotinia rot

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary

Seed rots

Bipolaris ravenelii (M.A. Curtis) Shoemaker

Marasmius sp.

Pythium spp.

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn

Shoestring rot

Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) P. Kumm

Sooty blotch

Gloeodes pomigena (Schwein.) Colby

Sooty molds

Capnodium citri Mont.

Capnodium mangiferae Cke. & Brown

Capnodium ramosum Cke.

Meliola spp.

Tripospermum acerinum (Syd.) Speg.

Stem canker

Phoma sp.

Stem end rot

Botryosphaeria rhodina (Cooke) Arx

Dothiorella dominicana Petrak & Cif.

=Fusicoccum aesculi Corda

    Botryosphaeria dothidea (Maug.:Fr.) Ces. & deNot.
    [teleomorph]

Hendersonula toruloidea Nattras

Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl.

= Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.

Phomopsis mangiferae Ahmad.

Stem gall

Sphaeropsis sp.

Stemphylium rot

Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) E. Simmons.

Stigmina leaf spot

Stigmina mangiferae (Koorden) M.B. Ellis

Tip dieback

Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc.

    Gibberella intricans Wollenweb. [teleomorph]

Transit rot

Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill.

Trunk rot

Hexagonia hydnoides (Sw.:Fr.) M. Fidalgo

= Polyporus hydnoides (Sw.:Fr.) Fr.

Twig blight

Diaporthe spp.

Verticillium wilt

Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke & Berth.

White sooty blotch

Gloeodes sp.

Wood rot

Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.

Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis:Fr.) P. Karst.

Phellinus gilvus (Schwein.:Fr.) Pat.

Pycnoporus sanguineus (L.:Fr.) Murrill

= Polyporus sanguineus L.:Fr.

NEMATODES, PARASITIC

Dagger nematode

Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & daCosta

Xiphinema spp.

Lance nematode

Hoplolaimus columbus Sher

Sheathoid nematode

Hemicriconemoides mangiferae Siddiqi

MISCELLANEOUS DISEASES and DISORDERS

Abnormal ripening

Incorrect O₂:CO₂ ratios in storage or fruit waxing.

Algal leaf spot = red rust

Cephaleuros virescens Kunze

Black tip

Post-harvest disorder of unknown cause

Brushing damage

Excessive post-harvest brush polishing of fruit

Bunchy top

Unknown cause

Chilling injury

Temperatures from 7-13°C; cultivar dependent.

Copper deficiency

Unavailable copper

Decline

Unknown etiology

Edema

Physiological water stress

Hot water scald

Excessive temperature or duration in hot water or hot water/fungicide dips

Impact damage

Fruit injury from mishandling during harvest or grading

Internal necrosis

Boron deficiency

Jelly seed

Unknown post-harvest disorder

Lenticel spotting

Heavy rains or prolonged post-harvest dips

Little leaf

Zinc deficiency

Manganese deficiency

Insufficient manganese

Parasitic lichen

Strigula elegans (Fee) Muell Arg.

Premature ripening

Cause of disorder unknown

Pressure damage

Surface fruit injury due to poor packing or load shift in transit

Sapburn injury

Sap contact with fruit skin during or post-harvest

Soft nose

Excessive nitrogen/low calcium levels

Spongy tissue

Unknown post-harvest disorder

Stem end cavity

Unexplained pre-harvest fruit injury

Sunburn

Sudden exposure of fruit to high air temperature and/or bright light

Tipburn

High soluble salts