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2017 APS Annual Meeting Special Sessions

Organizers: Forrest Nutter, Jr., Iowa State University, Ames, IA; Pierce Paul, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Epidemiology Committee, Crop Loss and Risk Evaluation Committee

• Introduction - Forrest Nutter, Jr., Iowa State University
  
• Ecology of Grapevine Red Blotch Disease by Elizabeth Cieniewicz, Cornell University
  
• Optimization of fungicides for Disease Management and Enhanced Overwintering of Stevia rebaudiana by Alyssa Koehler, North Carolina State University
  
• Microbiome Networks: A systems Framework for Identifying Candidate Microbial Assemblages for Disease Management by Ravin Poudel, University of Florida
  
• Effect of Three Chemical Compounds on Ralstonia solanacearum Physiological Functions and Disease Development by Hsien-Tzer Tseng, North Carolina State University
  
• Honorable Mention Awards and Wrap Up by Pierce Paul, The Ohio State University

Organizers: Jason Smith, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Denita Hadziabdic, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN

Sponsoring Committee/Sponsor: Forest Pathology Committee

Rapidly changing forested systems, facilitated by land use change, plantation and clonal forestry, and genetic selection, have brought together pathogen species that lead to the emergence of novel pathosystems. The diseases resulting from these new pathosystems threaten entire natural communities and local economies and constitute a major component of the changing landscape of tree pathology.

Attendees will:

1. Recognize how rapidly changing forested systems, facilitated by land-use change, plantation, and clonal forestry and genetic selection, have brought together pathogen species that lead to the emergence of novel pathosystems, such as rapid ohia death that affect Hawaiian forests.

2. Describe how diseases resulting from these pathosystems threaten entire natural communities and local economies and constitute a major component of the changing landscape of tree pathology on a global scale.

3. Explain a legacy of destruction related to different pathogens, their bark beetle associates, and the consequences of human-aided dissemination.

• Rapid O’hia death: The fast track from houseplants to Hawaii’s native forests; presented by Lisa Keith, USDA-ARS
  
• Pathways and populations in Phytophthora: A legacy of destruction; presented by Erica Goss, University of Florida
  
• When tree domestication and cultivation triggers the making of novel diseases: An example with poplar leaf-spot and canker pathogens; presented by Nicolas Feau, The University of British Columbia
  
• Fly without wings: Genetic structure and adaptation of fungal pathogen and associates with bark beetle outbreak in the western Canada and USA; presented by Clement Tsui, University of British Columbia
  
• Sphaerulina through history in North America: Consequences of human-aided dissemination; presented by Monique Sakalidis, Michigan State University
  

Organizers: Johanna Del Castillo Múnera, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Cassandra Swett, University of Maryland, College Park, MD

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Soil Microbiology and Root Diseases Committee, Crop Loss Assessment and Risk Evaluation Committee

Extreme and unpredictable weather conditions are a number one grower challenge to disease control, and many questions are emerging. Are forecasting models still going to be useful? How are water recycling and deficit irrigation affecting disease? How are the extreme heat and cold events influencing pathogen virulence and host susceptibility? What are effects on beneficial symbionts? And perhaps most importantly, how can we effectively use outreach to help growers adapt?

Attendees will:

1. Learn about different outreach methods being used to address issues associated with climate change impacts on plant disease.

2. Increase their awareness of how alterations in climate are directly influencing pathogens and disease management efficacy in different regions, the usefulness and resilience of disease forecasting models under climate change scenarios, and the research needs for the development of mitigation strategies.

3. Increase their awareness of how climate change adaptations, such as changing water-use practices, are affecting plant diseases and the research needs for the development of mitigation strategies.

• Can forecasting models be useful under different climate change scenarios?; presented by Karen Garrett, University of Florida
  
• Effects of deficit irrigation on disease risk; presented by Johanna Del Castillo Múnera, University of Maryland
  
• How changes of annual soil temperature and moisture affect rhizosphere oomycete communities; presented by Marty Chilvers, Michigan State University
  
• Is tomato production in U.S. temperate regions in danger due to changes in temperature? Presence of cold virulent strains and mechanisms of virulence at low temperature of Ralstonia solanacearum; presented by Ana Maria Ocsanczy, University of Florida
  
• The potential for climate change to decouple beneficial plant and fungal interactions; presented by Jennifer Rudgers, University of New Mexico
  
• How to use outreach to help growers adapt to climate change; presented by Alison Robertson, Iowa State University

Organizers: Rachel Medina, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH; Qianwei Jiang, Monsanto Vegetable Seeds, Felda, FL

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Nematology Committee, Soil Microbiology and Root Diseases Committee

Financial Sponsor: Monsanto

The Nematology Committee proposes to bring in experts in the field of effector biology to update the plant pathology community on the new understandings of nematode parasitic tactics for the 2017 APS Annual Meeting. This session will discuss topics ranging from basic effector biology to innovative nematode management strategies. Prestigious female scientists make up half of our list of speakers for their dedication and expertise to the field of nematology. The plan for the 2018 meeting that will complement this session with a focus on the applied, with a potential workshop on nematode identification, and speakers to convey progress made in nematode management and their global impact. We are also connecting with the Soil Microbiology and Root Diseases Committee for this special session to include nematologists related to the phytobiome with researchers studying soil webs and ecosystems.

Attendees will:

1. Obtain a wider understanding of the parasitic mechanism of plant nematodes.

2. Observe presentations on molecular, hormonal, host-parasite interactions and field-based evidence from experts in the field of nematology.

3. Learn of new technologies to combat nematode infections and have a better sense of the direction that nematode management is headed.

• Global efforts to control pale cyst nematode; presented by Louise-Marie Dandurand, University of Idaho
  
• Breadth of nematode effectors; presented by Melissa Mitchum, University of Missouri
  
• Nematode parasitism genes and their manipulation of host plants; presented by Cynthia Gleason, Washington State University
  
• A case study: Soybean cyst nematode; presented by Kris Lambert, University of Illinois
  
• New technologies for nematode management: RNAi; presented by Paulo Vieira, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
  

Organizers: Tom Allen, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS; Daren Mueller, Iowa State University, Ames, IA

Sponsoring Committee/Sponsor: Extension Committee

Yue (Helen) Teng, U.S. Food &Drug Administration, U.S.A.

Content regarding the sociology between trust within the agricultural Extension service, as well as impact required to continue funding for Extension, and the use of social media to provide information between Extension and the agricultural community will be discussed/presented. Content will cover how the Extension service is succeeding as using new forms of media to deliver their message to the agricultural community. A speaker who has a perspective on the sociology of trust with the agricultural community, one who deals with lobbying for APS and how we are received within the legislative community in Washington, and a third speaker deals with social media and extending the content provided by southern Extension to the agricultural community as a whole will deliver a broad range of topics during the session.

Attendees will:

1. Identify how to improve trust in Extension products/programs.

2. Identify new opportunities within Extension.

3. Understand how social media can be used in Extension.

• Blippity BLOPs: Goals, information, uncertainty, and trust in Extension adoption problems; presented by Neil McRoberts, University of California-Davis
  
• Maintaining relevance and impact in food, feed, & fiber security: Opportunities for the Extension service; presented by Kellye Eversole
  
• Social media outreach with Extension: Where people are succeeding and where they're failing miserbly; presented by Owen Taylor, AgFax

Organizers: C. Michael Deom, University of Georgia, Athens, GA; Richard Nelson, The Noble Foundation, Ardmore, OK

Sponsoring Committee/Sponsor: Virology Committee; APS/APHIS Widely Prevalent Virus Committee

Plant viruses have small genomes that generally encode for 4 to 10 proteins. They are masters at maximizing information in their small genomes. One approach plant viruses use to achieve this is to generate or modify multifunctional proteins. This can result from a gene evolving to encode a protein that interacts with multiple host proteins, resulting in multiple functions. The second is divergent evolution in closely related viruses resulting in a protein or protein domain having a different function. The session will look at multifunctional proteins in a diverse group of viruses. Understanding the complexity of multifunctional viral protein-host protein interactions will result in a better understanding of viral diseases and provide approaches to mitigate disease in the future.

• The P6 effector protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus: A master switch in the virus infection cycle; presented by James Schoelz, University of Missouri
  
• The tobamovirus 126-kDa protein: A multifunctional, multi-interacting, and evolving protein that influences disease; presented by Richard Nelson, The Noble Foundation
  
• The p33 protein of Citrus tristeza virus: A conundrum of multiple functions; presented by Svetlana Folimonova, University of Florida
  
• Never the same way twice: Protein interaction and localization maps of plant-adapted rhabdoviruses; presented by Michael Goodin, University of Kentucky
  
• Dissecting the mechanism of Potato virus X insertion into plasmodesmata; presented by Jens Tilsner, University of St. Andrews
  
• Geminivirus C4 proteins: Divergent functions; presented by Michael Deom, University of Georgia
  

Organizers: Kevin Ong, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, College Station, TX; Scott Heuchelin, DuPont Pioneer, Johnston, IA

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Diagnostics Committee, Plant Protection and Disease Detection Committee, Seed Pathology Committee, Diseases of Ornamental Plants Committee

The focus of this session will be issues with diagnostic testing that arise from inadequate testing of the method, not extensive enough inclusivity or exclusivity testing with pathogen isolates, or poor deployment of a test or overextending what can be concluded from some available tests. Case studies of the kinds of problems that arise with misdiagnosis, efforts to standardize tests, and examples of how to create accurate repeatable assays will be featured. One of the main goals of this session will be to educate the future researchers we are developing on how to properly use or validate diagnostic tests so they can be used as intended by the worldwide audience that references their research. "Just because the assay you developed can detect your target pathogen of interest in your lab or testing scenario, does not mean it will work in other settings or world geographies."

Attendees will:

1. Learn how to properly use or validate diagnostic tests so they can be more efficacious to the worldwide audience that may reference their research.

2. Know the limits of a given test in sensitivity and ability to correctly identify a pathogen species or subspecies.

3. Learn how to work toward harmonization of testing among researchers, government agencies, and private companies.

• The need for accurate repeatable diagnostic testing and the pitfalls of testing anomalies: Case study examples; presented by Scott Heuchelin, DuPont Pioneer
  
• International validation and harmonization efforts for seed health testing; presented by Gary Munkvold, Iowa State University Seed Science Center
  
• Obtaining DNA template of adequate purity for amplification and avoiding compounds present in samples that inhibit amplification: A Verticillium dahliae example; presented by Guillaume Bilodeau, Canadian Food Inspection Agency
  
• PCR and isothermal test for pathogen detection: How to make sure it works in real world settings; presented by Tim Miles, California State University-Monterey Bay
  
• The USDA-APHIS National Plant Protection Laboratory Accreditation Program: Proficiency Testing and inter-laboratory comparisons as part of a methods validation process and establishing protocols for planned deviation of officially approved methods; presented by Vessela Mavrodieva, USDA-APHIS National Plant Protection Laboratory Accreditation Program

Organizers: Steve Klosterman, USDA ARS, Salinas, CA; Edwin Palencia, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; Erica Goss, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Jeff Coleman, Auburn University, Auburn, AL

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Evolutionary Genetics and Genomics Committee, Diagnostics Committee

The increasing availability of whole-genome sequences, coupled with reduced costs of de novo genome sequencing, has paved the way to new approaches for the development of markers for genetic analyses and diagnostics for plant pathogens. This session explores recent bioinformatics and comparative approaches that have enabled the identification of nuclear or mitochondrial genomic loci used for genus and species-specific marker development. The bioinformatics pipelines developed for multiple genome sequence comparisons will guide future work to develop genetic markers, leading to their successful application in the field.

Attendees will:

1. Describe how high-throughput sequencing and comparative genomics recently improved plant pathogen diagnostics.

2. Characterize how genomics recently improved marker development and pathogen population analysis.

3. Describe the general steps used to prepare a new set of diagnostic or genetic markers from genomic sequences.

• Next-generation sequencing to develop molecular diagnostics for Pseudoperonospora cubensis; presented by Lina Quesada-Ocampo, North Carolina State University
  
• Selection of race-specific markers for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum by GBS; presented by Marin Brewer, University of Georgia
  
• Searching for the genetic basis of phenotypic traits of interest of the causal agent of late blight disease through a genome-wide association study; presented by Giovanna Danies, Universidad de los Andes
  
• Marker development for Puccinia striiformis; presented by Xaioping Chen, Northwest A&F University, China
  
• Comparative genomics informed detection of Pseudomonas syringae strains which pose a risk to squash and other cucurbit production; presented by Eric Newberry, University of Florida

Organizer: Brad Geary, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Teaching Committee, Mycology Committee, Undergraduate Committee, and Office of Education

Students with traditional lecture classes were 1.5 times more likely to fail than students with active learning—labs, and active learning increases student performance in STEM courses. A lab, for many, means an appropriately equipped room where students follow procedures and verify information. This is important, but it should also challenge students through the scientific method to formulate good questions, design investigative processes, and create defensible conclusions. Labs are rewarding for students and instructors; however, they pose challenges for instructors in resources/equipment, time, and upkeep. This session includes respected instructors explaining the benefits of labs, designing labs for biology and plant pathology courses, and online lab simulations. Information shared will benefit instructors who are just beginning a lab and seasoned instructors needing some fresh ideas.

• Design and teaching of plant pathology and biology labs; presented by Doug Rouse, University of Wisconsin
  
• Hands-on labs and demonstrations with living organisms; presented by Brantlee Spakes-Richter, University of Florida
  
• Pedagogical approaches and technology for teaching labs online; presented by David Shew, North Carolina State University
  
• Molecular biology-based lab methods using plant nematodes; presented by Kris Lambert, University of Illinois
  
• Epidemiology overview and using the lab/greenhouse of enhanced learning; presented by Ariena van Bruggen, University of Florida
  

Organizers: Zhaohui Liu, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND; Yulin Jia, USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Molecular and Cellular Phytopathology Committee, Host Resistance Committee

Plants have intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) that detect specific pathogen effector and trigger immunity. In the last decade, great progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular, cellular, and biochemical function of plant NLRs. In particularly, recent research has shown that many plant NLRs work in pairs to recognize specific pathogen effector and trigger defense reactions in plant, which has been referred as integrated decoy model. Furthermore, the obtained knowledge has allowed scientists to design novel strategies for disease control through intelligently engineering plants. We propose a special session on plant NLRs by focusing on the new and groundbreaking discoveries. The session will start with an overview of our current understanding of NLRs in model species Arabidopsis and rice, followed by a couple of in-depth talks on specific disease systems in cereal, soybean, or other crops, and finally will provide exciting examples of using the obtained knowledge to engineer plant for disease control.

Attendees will:

1. Obtain an good understanding of the new and groundbreaking discoveries in plant intracellular nucleotide-binding/leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors.

2. Learn exciting examples of using the current knowledge on NLR receptors to engineer plants for disease control.

• Overview of NLR function and biology in Arabidopsis; presented by Xin Li, University of British Columbia
  
• Molecular mechanism of rice immunity against the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae; presented by Guoliang Wang, Ohio State University
  
• A dual NLRs mediate Ug99 resistance in barley; presented by Robert Brueggeman, North Dakota State University
  
• An atypical pair Mi-1.2 and SERK1 regulate aphid resistance in tomato; presented by Isgouhi Kaloshian, University of California
  
• Using decoys to expand the recognition specificity of a plant disease resistance protein; presented by Roger Innes, Indiana University
  
• Transfer of an NLR gene from pigeonpea into soybean confers resistance to Asian soybean rust; presented by Peter van Esse, The Sainsbury Laboratory

Organizer: Neil Glynn, Syngenta, Vero Beach, FL

Section: Plant Disease Management

Check out the latest advances in the industry during presentations and discussion on new products, services, or equipment in plant pathology and related fields.

Part I

• Bixafen – a New SDHI Fungicide for Use in North American Agriculture;  Mitch Long, FMC Corporation, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
• The Miravis® Brand Family of Fungicides; Katherine Buxton, Syngenta, Vero Beach, Florida, U.S.A.
• Exteris Stressgard Fungicide; Renee Rioux, Bayer Crop Science,  Durham, North Carolina, U.S.A.
• Dow New Fungicide Fenpicoxamid; Chenglin Yao, Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
• MBI-110 and MBI-601 for Above and Below Ground Disease Management; Timothy Johnson, Marrone Bio Innovations, Davis, California
• POWER PLUS; Vasanth Thimakapura, Green Lifescience Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Vijayanagara, Mysore, KARNATAKA, INDIA

Part II

• A2000 Growth Chamber; Myra Single, Conviron, Winnipeg, Mannitoba, Canada
• ARM Trial Management Software Enhancements; Steven Gylling, Gylling Data Management Inc., Brookings, South Dakota, U.S.A.
• CANARY HLB Assay for Psyllids; Andrew Flannery, Pathsensors, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
• sporeSENTRY; Michael Andreou, OptiGene Limited, Horsham, West Sussex
• AG13064; Thomas A. Hayden, Winfield United, Owensboro, Kentucky, U.S.A.
• Dominus Biofumigant;  George Stallings, Isagro, Cama, Washington, U.S.A.

Organizers: Robin Choudhury, University of California, Davis, CA; Steve Lindow, University of California, Berkeley, CA

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Phyllosphere Microbiology Committee, Bacteriology Committee

The microbial communities that inhabit the aboveground portions of plants help to determine the success or failure of plant pathogens. Using genomics tools, researchers are forming new ideas about how these communities form and interact amongst themselves. From microenvironmental effects through cryptic colonization, we are beginning to understand how these communities arise and spread. This special session brings together a diverse group of microbial ecologists, plant pathologists, and aerobiologists to help break down how these assemblages form and their effects on plant health and productivity.

Attendees will:

1. Learn how complex interactions play out among different microbes on the leaf surface, including nonpathogens, biocontrol agents, and human pathogens.

2. Learn about the environmental and host factors that drive colonization and dispersal of microbes on leaf surfaces.

• Nonpathogens in the phyllosphere; presented by Johan Leveau, University of California-Davis
  
• Light as a driver of phyllosphere microbial behavior; presented by Gwyn Beattie, Iowa State University
  
• Role of phyllosphere inhabitants in food safety; presented by Jeri Barak, University of Wisconsin-Madison
  
• An unusual ménage à trois in the phyllosphere; presented by Richard Bélanger, Universite Laval
  
• Get me out of here: Modeling the phyllosphere microenvironment and predicting dispersion; presented by Walter Mahaffee, USDA ARS

Organizers: Denita Hadziabdic, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN; Caterina Villari, University of Georgia, Athens, GA

Sponsoring Committee/Sponsor: Forest Pathology Committee

Knowledge on phytobiome composition provides an understanding of microbial functions in diverse forest ecosystems. However, multi-disciplinary approaches are still needed for making availabe new concepts of phytobiome functions and how they affect complex communities. This includes how they influence forest health, productivity, and responses to pathogens and environmental stresses. Current advances in genomics, computational sciences, and system-level approaches are enabling insights for exploring complex interactions within phytobiomes. Such advances will enhance translation of this knowledge into the improvement of plant health.

Attendees will:

1. Explore a variety of examples from forest ecosystems and become familiar with the concept that phytobiome composition is just one aspect of the picture and that functional approaches are the next fundamental step to understand complex communities.

2. Learn about the multidisciplinary approaches that are currently used to enable insights into the new concept of phytobiome functions affecting complex communities and equilibria, such as forest health, productivity, and responses to pathogens and environmental stresses.

3. Recognize how current advances in genomics, computational sciences, and system-level approaches are enabling the exploration of complex interactions within phytobiomes and enhancing translation of this knowledge into the improvement of plant health.

• Using metagenomic approaches to examine how soil microbial communities relate to Armillaria root disease; presented by Jane Stewart, Colorado State University
  
• Movement of bacteria between plant species drive assembly of epiphytic bacterial communities; presented by Steven Lindow, University of California
  
• Microbial communities of bristlecone needles and resistance in white pine blister rust; presented by Alyssa Albertson, Colorado State University
  
• Role of leaf microbiome associated with European ash in mediating resistance to ash dieback; presented by Michelle Cleary, SLU - Swedish University of Agricultural Science
  
• The Populus microbiome: Progress and limitations of our understanding of phytobiome communities; presented by Dan Jacobson, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Organizers and Moderators: Jay W. Pscheidt, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; and Nicole Donofrio, University of Delaware, Newark, DL

• Management of downy mildew of lima bean: chemical control; presented by Terence Mhora, University of Delaware
• A phylogenetic network of the soilborne fungal pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii in the Southeastern US; presented by Patricia Salinas Soria, University of Florida
• Plant-parasitic nematodes associated with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in different soil texture classes from Costa Rica; presented by Rebeca Sandoval Ruiz, University of Costa Rica 
• Effects of fluopyram on soybean cyst nematode resistance management under greenhouse conditions; presented by Kyle C. Broderick, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• Etiology and Management of Sour Rot in Grapes; presented by Megan Hall, Cornell University
• Almond Trunk and Scaffold Canker Diseases in California: Diagnosis, Pathogenicity, and Management; presented by Leslie A. Holland, University of California-Davis

Organizers: Rebecca Sweany, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA; Won Bo Shim, Texas A&M University, College Station,TX

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Mycotoxicology Committee, Integrated Plant Disease Management Committee

Mycotoxin contamination of crops and commodities is endemic worldwide and poses risks to food security and food safety. In this special session, we will highlight innovative ideas and technologies being employed by the next generation of plant pathologists to develop effective and durable management strategies. This session will recruit speakers performing exciting research in biocontrol, genomics, phytobiome, molecular breeding, diagnostics, or IPM that address issues in crops affected by mycotoxin contamination. The session will end with a discussion in which the speakers will synthesize their recent ideas toward identifying future research directions and solutions.

Attendees will:

1. Define complex issues and hurdles surrounding diverse mycotoxin contamination in crops and commodities.

2. Discover emerging ideas and technologies for improving mycotoxin management.

3. Assess strengths and challenges associated with future solutions for mycotoxin contamination.

• Comparative genomics yields insights into niche adaptation of Aspergillus flavus S and L morphotype; presented by Mana Ohkura
  
• Computation subnetwork analysis of transcriptome to spearhead hub gene discovery in maize-fungal interactome; presented by Man Kim, Texas A&M University
  
• Modeling complex associations among weather, deoxynivalenol contamination, and Fusarium head blight in wheat; presented by Wanderson Bucker Moraes, Ohio State University
  
• Aspergillus flavus functional genomics: Toward enhancing host resistance to aflatoxin contamination under drought using biotechnology; presented by Jake Fountain
  
• Casting a new die: Integrating novel biological insights and translational approaches to combat mycotoxin problems in maize; presented by John Ridenous, University of Arkansas
  

Organizers: Kimberly Gwinn, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; Denita Hadziabdic, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN; Jose Pablo Dundore-Arias, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Committee for Diversity and Equality, Teaching Committee, Forest Pathology Committee

How many of you knew about plant pathology as middle or high school students? The objective of this session is to showcase programming aimed at engaging young students in plant pathology or related fields. According to AAUW, society tells girls and women that they don't belong in STEM, and at the every step of the education ladder more girls walk away. By combining engaging content, enthusiastic teachers, and STEM challenges, APS members are changing the environment for girls, minorities, and other students prone to walk away from science disciplines. In this session, speakers will focus on successful community outreach and education projects designed to increase awareness of plant pathology and other agriculture-related fields.

Attendees will:

1. Compare and contrast different types of outreach efforts designed for training the next generation of diverse plant pathologists.

2. List at least two strategies that would be applicable to their institution/program or provide information as to why strategies presented in the session would not be compatible.

• Citizen science at high school; presented by Mohamed Yakub, University of Minnesota
  
• Fostering aGIRLculture: STEM camp solving the grand challenges of the 21st century; presented by Denita Hadziabdic, University of Tennessee
  
• Teach the teachers; presented by Monica Elliott, University of Florida
  
• Endophytes in the classroom; presented by Lou Hirsch, University of Kentucky
  
• Nurturing agricultural migrant workforce; presented by Luisa Santamaria, Oregon State University

Organizer: Libo Shan, Texas A&M University, Lubbock, TX, U.S.A.

Bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), was a major disease of cotton in the United States until the mid-1970s. After that time, bacterial blight was suppressed by the widespread use of resistant cultivars and acid de-linting of planting seed. In 2011, the disease re-emerged in the Mid-South and has been observed over a greater area in the U.S. as well as internationally on an annual basis. We are conducting a coordinated research program to classify the field genotypes, detect the pathogen in planting seed, understand Xcm's pathogenic mechanisms, and elucidate the molecular genetics of host resistance in cotton. Our objective is to deploy an integrated management program and create new technologies for effective management of bacterial blight in cotton globally.

• A 20-year Hiatus of Bacterial Blight, presented by Terry Wheeler , Texas A&M AgriLife Research
  
• qPCR Detection of Bacterial Blight Pathogen of Cotton presented by Tom Allen, Mississippi State University
  
• Mechanisms of Susceptibility to Bacterial Blight in Cotton presented by Libo Shan, Texas A&M University
  
• Genetic diversity among host and pathogen in the cotton bacterial blight pathosystem, presented by Rebecca Bart, Danforth Plant Science Center
  
• Management strategies for Bacterial Blight in Cotton, Jason Woodward, Texas A&M AgriLife Research Extension Center at Lubbock hat failure to accept the copyright transfer will result in the immediate cancellation of my abstract submission.

Organizers: Allysson Lunos, LSU AgCenter – SPESS, Baton Rouge, LA; Guido Schnabel, Clemson University, Clemson, SC; Jeffrey Stein, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO; Jeffrey Standish, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Pathogen Resistance Committee, Chemical Control Committee

Financial Sponsor: Monsanto, Dow AgroSciences, BASF Corporation, Syngenta

Pesticide failure is an increasing problem in agriculture. Single action site fungicides are prone to resistance development, with resistance being widely reported in succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs), sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBIs), quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs), and others. Further thwarting disease management, several pathogens have developed resistance to multiple fungicides. Research on systems with quickly adapting pathogens and high pesticide exposure, such as Botrytis cinerea, Venturia inaequalis,or Alternaria species, can provide insight on the current problem and windows into solutions to protect our future yields. Environmental stewardship and sustainable production demand new strategies to replace increasing applications of pesticides and lengthen the useful life of existing and future fungicides.

Attendees will:

1. Receive an update of the current status on the research of pathogens displaying resistance to multiple fungicides across many crops.

2. Obtain an understanding of the future action needed to manage this growing obstacle in modern agriculture.

• The advent and spread of prodigious multi-fungicide resistance in Botrytis cinerea; presented by Matthias Hahn, Kaiserslautern University
  
• Evolution of multi-fungicide resistance in cereal pathogens and impact on disease control; presented by Bart Fraaije, Rathamsted Research
  
• Rethinking Apple IPM; presented by Janna Beckerman, Purdue University
  
• Healthy vegetables at the cost of multi-fungicide-resistant pathogens; presented by Margaret McGrath, Cornell University
  
• Multiple fungicide resistances in Cercospora beticola of sugar beet; presented by Gary Secor, North Dakota State University
  
• How to manage multiple fungicide resistance in plant-pathogenic fungi; presented by Gerd Stammler, BASF SE
  
• Multiple resistance in fungal plant pathogens, its selection schemes and impact on disease control management strategies; presented by Stefano Torriani (Syngenta)
  
• The future of multi-fungicide resistance management; a panel discussion with speakers and audience
  

Organizers: Martha Malapi-Wight, USDA, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.

Moderators: Martha Malapi-Wight, USDA, Beltsville, MD, U.S.A.

Section: Professionalism/Outreach Sponsoring Committee: Early Career Professionals

Financial Sponsors: APS Foundation

• Lose the effector or die tryin’: Novel quantitative resistance loci for bacterial blight; presented by Alejandra I. Huerta, Colorado State University
• How Does Plant Immunity Restrict Bacterial virulence?; presented by Brian Kvitko, University of Georgia
• Managing Phomopsis stem canker of sunflower using host resistance; presented by Febina M. Mathew, South Dakota State University
• Evolving Phenolic Roles in Host Defense: The Cases of ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ Potato Infections and that of Grapevine Pathogens; presented by Christopher M. Wallis, USDA ARS

Organizers: Robin Choudhury, University of California, Davis, CA; Kelsey Andersen, Monsanto, Chesterfield, MO

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Crop Loss Assessment and Risk Evaluation Committee, Epidemiology Committee

Financial Sponsor: Monsanto

Grower adoption of cultural and chemical control strategies require that the programs effectively prevent disease and reduce the overall cost of production. While plant pathologists frequently assess the efficacy of different control programs, we rarely calculate the costs and benefits. Costs and benefits are often region and crop specific and can depend on both the market value of crops as well as wider fringe effects, such as social and environmental benefits. Despite these difficulties, demonstrating in dollar value the worth of our work is critical for obtaining federal and grower grants, as well as the long-term political sway of our society. Assessing economic effects of control programs and crop loss is important for both short-term tactics (e.g., fungicide programs) and long-term strategies (e.g., quarantine procedures, research and commercial priorities). This special session gathers diverse speakers who assess and demonstrate the costs and benefits of disease control tactics and strategies.

Attendees will:

1. Determine ways to assess the economic effects of new disease management tools in both the short and long term.

2. Identify real-time decision support systems used for economic disease control in response to uncertain risk.

3. Identify public and private approaches to economic disease management.

• Disease management in risk landscapes; presented by Karen Garrett, University of Florida
  
• Economics of farm decision support systems; Ian Small, Cornell University
  
• Networked real-time disease risk evaluation: A cost-effective approach to disease management; presented by Odile Carisse, Agri-Food Canada
  
• Cost-benefit analysis of integrated management strategies for Fusarium head blight of wheat; presented by Pierce Paul, The Ohio State University
  
• Disease control: A seed company perspective; presented by John Pitkin, Monsanto Company
  
• Economics of crop protection and risk management for commodity crops; Paul Mitchell, University of Wisconsin-Madison

Organizers: Alejandra I. Huerta, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; Jose Pablo Dundore-Arias, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN; Ana Cristian Fulladolsa, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Bacteriology Committee, Epidemiology Committee, Emerging Diseases and Pathogens Committee

Emerging and re-emerging plant diseases pose a threat to food production and human welfare. Emerging diseases are those that with time and conducive conditions might increase in importance. Re-emerging diseases are those that have been previously controlled but are once more a major threat. The impact of these diseases can significantly impact attainable crop yield, hinder international trade and sustainable production. This special session will discuss important diseases caused by bacteria pathogens

Attendees will:

1. Compare the main characteristics of the three most recent bacterial plant disease outbreaks in the United States, including their causative organism(s), host(s), and dispersion or transmission mechanism(s).

2. Identify resources and technology necessary for working with Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum, Dickeya dianthicola, and/or 'Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum'.

3. Provide a comprehensive explanation of the potential impact of these diseases to the U.S. economy.

• Epidemiology and distribution of bacterial leaf streak of corn caused by Xanthomonas vasicola; presented by Terra Hartman, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
  
• What we have learned from the 2015 outbreak of Dickeya dianthicola, the causal agent of potato blackleg in the northeastern United States; presented by Jianjun Hao, University of Maine
  
• Zebra chip, what we know and where are we headed; presented by Elizabeth Pierson, Texas A&M University
  
• Diagnostics and genomics of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum; presented by Jillian Lang, Colorado State University
  
• The socioeconomic impact of emerging and re-emerging disease epidemics; presented by Amy Charkowski, Colorado State University
  

Organizer: Molly Cadle-Davidson, Advanced Biological Marketing, Inc., Geneva, NY

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: Biological Control Committee

Translation of basic biological control discoveries to farmer adoption requires consideration of the science and IP as well as consistent, effective, and safe delivery. In academia, development, large-scale microbial production, and support of on-farm products from research materials is rare, whereas in industry, development by acquisition is common. Both entities stumble when it comes to navigating the regulatory process and developing stable formulations. Process steps, alternative strategies, and visions for the future will be addressed.

• The phytobiome and biological control: What does the future hold?; presented by Jan Leach, Colorado State University
  
• What happens to good results? Transitioning from academic research to the grower; presented by Barry Jacobsen, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station
  
• Industry: What is the market for biocontrol? Challenges of corporate culture and a stove-piped organization. Develop internally or acquire? Working with biologicals in a chemical company; speakers TBD
  
• Nonbiological biological control; presented by Gary Harman, Advanced Biological Marketing, Inc.
  

Organizers: Yulin Jia, USDA ARS, Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, Stuttgart, AR; You-Liang Peng, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Guo-Liang Wang, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH

Sponsoring Committees/Sponsors: APS-CSPP Working Group, Host Resistant Committee

Plants interact with a wide range of microorganisms with both detrimental and beneficial outcomes. The key for the survival of plants is their ability to recognize associated microorganisms and restrict their growth if they are pathogens or promote the association if they are symbionts. Use of host resistance is the most effective method to control pathogens. Similarly, wise utilization of beneficial microbes can prevent crop damage by harmful pathogens and also increase plant productivity. In the last decade, impressive progress has been made in understanding the interactions between host plants and pathogens at the molecular level. Recently, new insights have been obtained in understanding the symbiotic relationship between plants and microbes. In this session, researchers will present new scientific findings and discuss the common and contrast features in both types of interactions. We plan to invite seven speakers (four from CSPP and three from APS) selected based on gender, age, region, status of profession.

Attendees will:

1. Gain a better understanding of the effector biology and biotrophic strategies employed by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe (Pyricularia) oryzae to cause the devastating rice blast disease.

2. Learn innovative methods to breed for broad spectra of resistance to a wide range of races of Magnaporthe oryzae.

3. Obtain a better understanding of the mode of the effector in Puccinia striiformis and the role of barberry in epidemics of wheat stripe rust in China.

4. Obtain new knowledge on how mycoviruses can be used as biocontrol agents of the soilborne diseases.

5. How the bacterium Pasteuria penetrans can be used to prevent the nematode Meloidogyne arenaria.

6. Learn updated knowledge on how nitrogen fixation has been taken place.

• Understanding effector biology and biotrophic strategies used by the ascomycete fungus Magnaporthe (Pyricularia) oryzae to cause the devastating rice blast disease; presented by Barbara Valent, Kansas State University
  
• Breeding for broad spectra of resistance to a wide range of races of rice blast fungus; presented by You-Liang Peng, China Agricultural University
  
• Systematic characterization of the effector repertoire in Puccinia striiformis and on the role of barberry in epidemics of wheat stripe rust in China; presented by Zhen sheng Kang, Northwest A&F University, China
  
• Influence of root exudates and soil on attachment of Pasteuria penetrans to Meloidogyne arenaria; presented by Chang Liu, University of Georgia
  
• Legume-microbe interaction, nitrogen fixation; presented by Gary Stacey, University of Missouri
  
• Mycoviruses, plant fungal pathogens, and biological control of soilborne diseases; presented by Daohong Jiang, Huazhong Agricultural University