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Characterization of the Dual Subcellular Localization of Lilium LsGRP1, a Plant Class II Glycine-Rich Protein

The defense-related gene LsGRP1 exhibits an increased level of expression in Lilium spp. after being infected by Botrytis elliptica, the fungal pathogen of lily leaf blight. In this study, the expression profile of the LsGRP1 protein (a plant class II glycine-rich protein) was characterized biochemically and its subcellular localization in lily leaves was evaluated using immunohistochemistry, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) imaging, and protein extraction analysis. Using an LsGRP1-specific antibody, LsGRP1 was found to be most abundant in epidermal cells and phloem tissues. Leaves from lily plants at different growth stages demonstrated similar levels of 14- and 16-kDa LsGRP1 and a decreased amount of 23-kDa LsGRP1 at the senescence stage. LsGRP1-EGFP imaging and protein extraction assays revealed that 14-kDa LsGRP1 was located in the plasma membrane whereas 16- and 23-kDa LsGRP1 was weakly bound to the cell wall. The time course analyses of LsGRP1 expression in response to salicylic acid treatment or B. elliptica infection showed an increased accumulation of 14- and 23-kDa LsGRP1 over time. Because 23-kDa LsGRP1 could be detected by an ubiquitin antibody, conversion of 14-kDa to 23-kDa LsGRP1 via mono-ubiquitination was presumed, which is a phenomenon that has not been reported for a plant class II glycine-rich protein.