November
1997
, Volume
81
, Number
11
Pages
1,305
-
1,310
Authors
T. R.
Gottwald
,
Research Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, FL 32803
;
J. H.
Graham
,
Professor, IFAS, CREC, University of Florida, Lake Alfred 33850
; and
T. D.
Riley
,
Plant Pathologist, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Orlando, FL 32803
Affiliations
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RelatedArticle
Accepted for publication 1 August 1997.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The effect of adjuvants on the spread of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citrumelo applied to nursery plots of citrus (Citrus spp.) rootstock trees in simulated wind-blown rain was studied. Commercial adjuvants tested included a penetrant-surfactant, the penetrant or surfactant components of the penetrant-surfactant alone, an antitranspirant, a surfactant, or 1 of 3 formulations of a spreader-binder. Individual rows were treated with the adjuvants or water alone as a control. Bacterial dispersal gradients in all rows were similar and extended the entire 7 m of the nursery rows. Disease incidence, number of lesions per plant, and lesion diameters were determined at selected assay points in each row 28 days after the event. The penetrant-surfactant and its surfactant component significantly increased the total number of lesions per plant and mean lesion diameters compared to the water control. The disease gradient slopes associated with the penetrant-surfactant and its surfactant component were significantly flatter and more extensive than the water control. The penetrant component of the penetrant-surfactant, the antitranspirant, and two spreader-binders adjuvants did not significantly alter the disease gradient compared to the water control. Lesion sizes and numbers were also increased by a surfactant product and the surfactant component of the penetrant-surfactant, but not by the penetrant component of the penetrant-surfactant, the antitranspirant, or the three spreader-binder formulations. These results suggest that surfactants which induce stomatal flooding may enhance infection and exacerbate citrus bacterial epidemics.
JnArticleKeywords
Additional keywords:
Citrus canker,
mesophyll infection,
water soaking
Page Content
ArticleCopyright
The American Phytopathological Society, 1997