September
2007
, Volume
91
, Number
9
Pages
1,147
-
1,154
Authors
Daniel
Téliz
,
Instituto de Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados,56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
;
Blanca B.
Landa
,
Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain, and Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y de Montes (ETSIAM), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Edificio C4- “Celestino Mutis”, Carretera de Madrid Km 396, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
;
Hava F.
Rapoport
,
IAS-CSIC
;
Fernando Pérez
Camacho
,
ETSIAM-UCO
;
Rafael M.
Jiménez-Díaz
,
ETSIAM-UCO and IAS-CSIC
; and
Pablo
Castillo
,
IAS-CSIC
Affiliations
Go to article:
RelatedArticle
Accepted for publication 6 April 2007.
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Incidence and nematode population densities of plant-parasitic nematodes were determined in 64 samples of soil and grapevine roots collected from commercial vineyards in southern Spain between October 2003 and May 2005. In addition, a histopathological study was done of root-stock roots naturally infected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Nematodes infecting the rootstocks were identified according to conventional procedures, and the Meloidogyne spp. were furthermore identified by sequence characterized amplified region-polymerase chain reaction (SCAR-PCR) and isozyme esterase analyses. The most important plant-parasitic nematodes detected, in order of decreasing frequency of total soil infestation and root infection (percentage of samples), were Mesocriconema xenoplax (34.4%), Meloidogyne incognita (26.6%), Meloidogyne javanica (14.1%), Xiphinema index (12.5%), Xiphinema italiae (10.9%), Pratylenchus vulnus (6.3%), and Meloidogyne arenaria (1.6%). No disease symptoms were observed on aboveground plant parts of the infected grapevines, except for plants in some fields where soil was infested with the virus-vector nematodes X. index and X. italiae. Those grapevines showed a yellow mosaic pattern in leaves early in the growing season and the internode shortening characteristic of infections by Grapevine fanleaf virus. Rootstocks infected by root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) showed distorted feeder roots and large- to moderate-sized root galls, present either singly or in clusters. Histopathology of galled roots showed a typical susceptible response to infection by root-knot nematodes: cellular alterations were induced in the cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular system, including giant-cell formation and severe distortion of vascular tissues. Most Meloidogyne egg masses ocurred on the surface of the galled root tissues, a position that could facilitate dispersion of the nematode eggs and juveniles and the occurrence of secondary infections. Some of the grapevine rootstocks surveyed in this study (Paulsen 1103, Richter 110, Rupestris du Lot, and SO4) had previously been reported to be resistant to Meloidogyne spp.; however, the population densities of these nematodes found in soil and roots sampled in the present study, as well as the compatible host-parasite relationship revealed by histopathology, indicate a susceptible response to Meloidogyne spp. from southern Spain.
JnArticleKeywords
Additional keywords:
dagger nematodes,
pin nematodes,
ring nematodes,
root-lesion nematodes,
Vitis spp.
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ArticleCopyright
© 2007 The American Phytopathological Society